Abstract
Dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS) has been widely adopted for run-time power management of various processing units. In the case of neural processing units (NPUs), power management of neural network applications is required to adjust the frequency and voltage every layer to consider the power behavior and performance of each layer. Unfortunately, DVFS is inappropriate for layer-wise run-time power management of NPUs due to the long latency of voltage scaling compared with each layer execution time. Because the frequency scaling is fast enough to keep up with each layer, we propose a layer-wise dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) technique for an NPU. Our proposed DFS exploits the highest frequency under the power limit of an NPU for each layer. To determine the highest allowable frequency, we build a power model to predict the power consumption of an NPU based on a real measurement on the fabricated NPU. Our evaluation results show that our proposed DFS improves frame per second (FPS) by 33% and saves energy by 14% on average, compared with DVFS.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 849-858 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | ETRI Journal |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2022 Oct |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported in part by the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2018‐0‐00195) and in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1A2C2003500).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute.
Keywords
- dynamic frequency scaling
- neural processing unit
- power model
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Computer Science(all)
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering