TY - JOUR
T1 - A sensitive environmental forensic method that determines bisphenol S and A exposure within receipt-handling through fingerprint analysis
AU - Jang, Min
AU - Yang, Hyemin
AU - Lee, Huichan
AU - Lee, Kwang Seon
AU - Oh, Joo Yeon
AU - Jeon, Hyeonyeol
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
AU - Hwang, Sung Yeon
AU - Park, Jeyoung
AU - Oh, Dongyeop X.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the KRICT Core Project and the Bio-Industrial Technology Development Program ( 20008628 ) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MI, Repulic of Korea).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2022/2/15
Y1 - 2022/2/15
N2 - As human beings have been consistently exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) derived from various products, the intake of BPS/BPA to humans has been extensively studied. However, using conventional biological matrices such as urine, blood, or dissected skin to detect BPS/BPA in the human body system requires longer exposure time to them, hardly defines the pollutant source of the accumulated BPS/BPA, and is often invasive. Herein, our new approach i.e. fingerprint analysis quantitatively confirms the transfer of BPS/BPA from receipts (specific pollution source) to human skin only within receipt-handling of “20 s”. When receipts (fingertip region size; ~1 cm2) containing 100–300 μg of BPS or BPA are handled, 20–40 μg fingerprint-1 of BPS or BPA is transferred to human skin (fingertip). This transferred amount of BPS/BPA can still be toxic according to the toxicity test using water fleas. As a visual evidence, a fingerprint map that matches the distribution of the absorbed BPS/BPA is developed using a mass spectrometry imaging tool. This is the first study to analyze fingerprints to determine the incorporation mechanism of emerging pollutants. This study provides an efficient and non-invasive environmental forensic tool to analyze amounts and sources of hazardous substances.
AB - As human beings have been consistently exposed to bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) derived from various products, the intake of BPS/BPA to humans has been extensively studied. However, using conventional biological matrices such as urine, blood, or dissected skin to detect BPS/BPA in the human body system requires longer exposure time to them, hardly defines the pollutant source of the accumulated BPS/BPA, and is often invasive. Herein, our new approach i.e. fingerprint analysis quantitatively confirms the transfer of BPS/BPA from receipts (specific pollution source) to human skin only within receipt-handling of “20 s”. When receipts (fingertip region size; ~1 cm2) containing 100–300 μg of BPS or BPA are handled, 20–40 μg fingerprint-1 of BPS or BPA is transferred to human skin (fingertip). This transferred amount of BPS/BPA can still be toxic according to the toxicity test using water fleas. As a visual evidence, a fingerprint map that matches the distribution of the absorbed BPS/BPA is developed using a mass spectrometry imaging tool. This is the first study to analyze fingerprints to determine the incorporation mechanism of emerging pollutants. This study provides an efficient and non-invasive environmental forensic tool to analyze amounts and sources of hazardous substances.
KW - Bisphenol derivatives
KW - Emerging contaminants
KW - Environmental forensics
KW - Fingerprints
KW - Toxicity test of water flea
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116545747&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127410
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127410
M3 - Article
C2 - 34634704
AN - SCOPUS:85116545747
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 424
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 127410
ER -