Activated carbons effectively purified by post-heat treatment under vacuum conditions

Junam Kim; Hoai Van Hoai; Gyung Jin Bahk; Kyungwon Kwak; Kyung Koo Lee

doi:10.1007/s42823-020-00209-y

Activated carbons effectively purified by post-heat treatment under vacuum conditions

Junam Kim, Hoai Van Hoai, Gyung Jin Bahk, Kyungwon Kwak, Kyung Koo Lee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The effect of heat treatment and vacuum conditions on the textural properties and electrochemical performance of commercially available activated carbons (ACs) was investigated. The AC after post-heat treatment was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The ACs treated under vacuum conditions exhibit a higher specific surface area and micropore surface area than those treated under nitrogen atmospheric pressure without significantly affecting the graphite structure of the AC. Under 800 °C temperature and vacuum conditions (AC-V800), the AC with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1951.9 m² g⁻¹ (16.4% improvement relative to that of the original AC (1677.2 m² g⁻¹)) was obtained. This is attributed to the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups and volatile matters in the carbon by thermal treatment under vacuum conditions. Consequently, the electric double-layer capacitor using ACs treated under vacuum conditions (1 kPa) at 800 °C (AC-V800) shows considerably improved electrochemical performance in terms of higher specific capacitance and better cycling stability at a high working voltage (3.1 V), compared to the nitrogen-treated and commercial ACs.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	973-984
Number of pages	12
Journal	Carbon Letters
Volume	31
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-020-00209-y
Publication status	Published - 2021 Oct

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the mid- and long-term nuclear research and development program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017M2A8A5014710) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2019R1A4A102980111 and NRF-2020R1I1A3066503).

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the mid- and long-term nuclear research and development program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017M2A8A5014710) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2019R1A4A102980111 and NRF-2020R1I1A3066503).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Korean Carbon Society.

Keywords

Activated carbon
Electric double-layer capacitor
Oxygen-containing functional groups
Specific surface area
Vacuum heat treatment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ceramics and Composites
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Process Chemistry and Technology
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Chemistry

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1007/s42823-020-00209-y

Cite this

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title = "Activated carbons effectively purified by post-heat treatment under vacuum conditions",

abstract = "The effect of heat treatment and vacuum conditions on the textural properties and electrochemical performance of commercially available activated carbons (ACs) was investigated. The AC after post-heat treatment was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The ACs treated under vacuum conditions exhibit a higher specific surface area and micropore surface area than those treated under nitrogen atmospheric pressure without significantly affecting the graphite structure of the AC. Under 800 °C temperature and vacuum conditions (AC-V800), the AC with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1951.9 m2 g−1 (16.4% improvement relative to that of the original AC (1677.2 m2 g−1)) was obtained. This is attributed to the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups and volatile matters in the carbon by thermal treatment under vacuum conditions. Consequently, the electric double-layer capacitor using ACs treated under vacuum conditions (1 kPa) at 800 °C (AC-V800) shows considerably improved electrochemical performance in terms of higher specific capacitance and better cycling stability at a high working voltage (3.1 V), compared to the nitrogen-treated and commercial ACs.",

keywords = "Activated carbon, Electric double-layer capacitor, Oxygen-containing functional groups, Specific surface area, Vacuum heat treatment",

author = "Junam Kim and Hoai, {Hoai Van} and Bahk, {Gyung Jin} and Kyungwon Kwak and Lee, {Kyung Koo}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the mid- and long-term nuclear research and development program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017M2A8A5014710) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2019R1A4A102980111 and NRF-2020R1I1A3066503). Funding Information: This research was supported by the mid- and long-term nuclear research and development program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017M2A8A5014710) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2019R1A4A102980111 and NRF-2020R1I1A3066503). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, Korean Carbon Society.",

year = "2021",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1007/s42823-020-00209-y",

language = "English",

volume = "31",

pages = "973--984",

journal = "Carbon Letters",

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T1 - Activated carbons effectively purified by post-heat treatment under vacuum conditions

AU - Kim, Junam

AU - Hoai, Hoai Van

AU - Bahk, Gyung Jin

AU - Kwak, Kyungwon

AU - Lee, Kyung Koo

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the mid- and long-term nuclear research and development program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017M2A8A5014710) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2019R1A4A102980111 and NRF-2020R1I1A3066503). Funding Information: This research was supported by the mid- and long-term nuclear research and development program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017M2A8A5014710) funded by the Korean Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (NRF-2019R1A4A102980111 and NRF-2020R1I1A3066503). Publisher Copyright: © 2021, Korean Carbon Society.

PY - 2021/10

Y1 - 2021/10

N2 - The effect of heat treatment and vacuum conditions on the textural properties and electrochemical performance of commercially available activated carbons (ACs) was investigated. The AC after post-heat treatment was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The ACs treated under vacuum conditions exhibit a higher specific surface area and micropore surface area than those treated under nitrogen atmospheric pressure without significantly affecting the graphite structure of the AC. Under 800 °C temperature and vacuum conditions (AC-V800), the AC with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1951.9 m2 g−1 (16.4% improvement relative to that of the original AC (1677.2 m2 g−1)) was obtained. This is attributed to the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups and volatile matters in the carbon by thermal treatment under vacuum conditions. Consequently, the electric double-layer capacitor using ACs treated under vacuum conditions (1 kPa) at 800 °C (AC-V800) shows considerably improved electrochemical performance in terms of higher specific capacitance and better cycling stability at a high working voltage (3.1 V), compared to the nitrogen-treated and commercial ACs.

AB - The effect of heat treatment and vacuum conditions on the textural properties and electrochemical performance of commercially available activated carbons (ACs) was investigated. The AC after post-heat treatment was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The ACs treated under vacuum conditions exhibit a higher specific surface area and micropore surface area than those treated under nitrogen atmospheric pressure without significantly affecting the graphite structure of the AC. Under 800 °C temperature and vacuum conditions (AC-V800), the AC with the highest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1951.9 m2 g−1 (16.4% improvement relative to that of the original AC (1677.2 m2 g−1)) was obtained. This is attributed to the removal of oxygen-containing functional groups and volatile matters in the carbon by thermal treatment under vacuum conditions. Consequently, the electric double-layer capacitor using ACs treated under vacuum conditions (1 kPa) at 800 °C (AC-V800) shows considerably improved electrochemical performance in terms of higher specific capacitance and better cycling stability at a high working voltage (3.1 V), compared to the nitrogen-treated and commercial ACs.

KW - Activated carbon

KW - Electric double-layer capacitor

KW - Oxygen-containing functional groups

KW - Specific surface area

KW - Vacuum heat treatment

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U2 - 10.1007/s42823-020-00209-y

DO - 10.1007/s42823-020-00209-y

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85098588409

SN - 1976-4251

VL - 31

SP - 973

EP - 984

JO - Carbon Letters

JF - Carbon Letters

IS - 5

ER -

Activated carbons effectively purified by post-heat treatment under vacuum conditions

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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