An isogeometric analysis to identify the full flexoelectric complex material properties based on electrical impedance curve

In this paper, we present a new approach to identify all material parameters of flexoelectric materials based on electrical impedance curves. This approach combines an Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) formulation with a gradient-based optimization algorithm using the Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA). The IGA formulation allows for efficient modeling of flexoelectricity taking advantage of the higher order continuity of IGA. The proposed methodology starts with determining preliminary real parts based on resonant modes in order to avoid local minima which gives the numerical impedance curves close to the experimental impedance curve. The results in the preliminary step are used as initial parameters of the refinement step to simultaneously determine both real and imaginary part by minimizing the difference between pseudo-experimental and numerical impedance curve. Some numerical examples are illustrated to show the good agreement between the numerical and pseudo-experimental impedance curves.