TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of gaseous, particulate, and unregulated emissions from diesel compression ignition and LPG direct injection spark ignition minibus vehicles under the world harmonized vehicle cycle on a chassis dynamometer
AU - Baek, Sungha
AU - Kim, Kangjin
AU - Cho, Jaeho
AU - Myung, Cha Lee
AU - Park, Simsoo
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Korea LPG Association, the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No.20172010105770), the Korea University Grant, and the BK21 plus program (21A20131712520) through the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education of Korea. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Hyundai Motor Company for technical assistance with the engine calibration, Motonic Company, Korea Automotive Technology Institute (KATECH), and Korea LPG Association.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/6/15
Y1 - 2021/6/15
N2 - Construction of harmful emission inventory from conventional and sustainable low carbon fueled vehicles is important issues to improve urban air quality and human health. In this study, the gaseous, nanoparticle, and unregulated gaseous emission formation behavior from a medium-duty minibus were investigated using the World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC). The state-of-the-art diesel and turbocharged direct-injection liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle were tested on a chassis dynamometer. The after-treatment system of the 3.9-L diesel engine was composed of the DOC, DPF and SCR, which satisfy the Euro 6 emission regulation. The 3.3-L stoichiometric spark ignition direct injection LPG engine was a TWC-only system. The formation of harmful emission components from the light-duty minibus operation was closely related to powertrain types, combustion mechanisms, after-treatment devices, and physicochemical properties of the tested fuels. Additionally, the chemical composition and low heating value (or energy content) of the respective fuels substantially affected the vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel economy performance. Compared to LPG vehicle, the THC and NOx emissions from diesel vehicle were 63% and 511%. Similar PN concentrations were measured with each powertrain, but 2–3 times higher nucleation mode particles were released with diesel vehicle. Two vehicles showed comparable CO2 emissions, while fuel economy from diesel and LPG vehicle were 6.81 km/L and 4.60 km/L. The proportions of N2O and CH4 emissions with ozone forming potential (OFP) were 1.2% (diesel) and 0.3% (LPG), which showed the potential to mitigate the CO2-equivalent emissions from LPG minibus.
AB - Construction of harmful emission inventory from conventional and sustainable low carbon fueled vehicles is important issues to improve urban air quality and human health. In this study, the gaseous, nanoparticle, and unregulated gaseous emission formation behavior from a medium-duty minibus were investigated using the World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC). The state-of-the-art diesel and turbocharged direct-injection liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle were tested on a chassis dynamometer. The after-treatment system of the 3.9-L diesel engine was composed of the DOC, DPF and SCR, which satisfy the Euro 6 emission regulation. The 3.3-L stoichiometric spark ignition direct injection LPG engine was a TWC-only system. The formation of harmful emission components from the light-duty minibus operation was closely related to powertrain types, combustion mechanisms, after-treatment devices, and physicochemical properties of the tested fuels. Additionally, the chemical composition and low heating value (or energy content) of the respective fuels substantially affected the vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel economy performance. Compared to LPG vehicle, the THC and NOx emissions from diesel vehicle were 63% and 511%. Similar PN concentrations were measured with each powertrain, but 2–3 times higher nucleation mode particles were released with diesel vehicle. Two vehicles showed comparable CO2 emissions, while fuel economy from diesel and LPG vehicle were 6.81 km/L and 4.60 km/L. The proportions of N2O and CH4 emissions with ozone forming potential (OFP) were 1.2% (diesel) and 0.3% (LPG), which showed the potential to mitigate the CO2-equivalent emissions from LPG minibus.
KW - LPG direct injection
KW - Minibus
KW - Particle number
KW - Selective catalytic reduction
KW - Unregulated emissions
KW - World harmonized vehicle cycle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102104788&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120392
DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120392
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85102104788
SN - 0016-2361
VL - 294
JO - Fuel
JF - Fuel
M1 - 120392
ER -