Bifacial module characterization analysis with current mismatched PERC cells

In the photovoltaics (PV) industry, bifacial modules have already captured approximately 30% of the market share in 2022. This is attributed to their ability to yield higher energy output and lower the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) compared to monofacial modules due to increased absorption from the rear side. The extent of rear-side absorption is dependent on bifaciality, which is the ratio of rear-side module power to front side module power. Therefore, a higher bifaciality can lead to increased module power in the field, resulting in higher energy yields. This study investigates the current mismatch effect on bifacial modules, specifically addressing cell mixing in mass production. Through test samples, it was determined that this effect is more critical in bifacial modules compared to monofacial modules. This research aims to contribute to the PV industry by providing methods to mitigate current mismatch and improve bifaciality of passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) cells, especially for large wafer sizes such as M10 (182 × 182 mm²) or M12 (210 × 210 mm²) products in the future. The research result of this paper can enhance energy yields and reduce LCOE.