Bio-Sniffers for biomarkers of oral diseases in exhaled breath: State of art and future trends

As society advances and social status improves, oral odor's impact on psychological well-being and social interactions gains recognition. Exhaled breath, regardless of clinical bad breath, contains valuable biomarkers linked to oral diseases. Analyzing breath enables early clinical diagnosis and non-invasive health management, facilitating swift detection of exhaled gas biomarkers. This review spotlights significant oral volatile biomarkers and their formation mechanisms in diseases. It also summarizes recent advancements in gas sensors with stomatology applications. The first section explores typical exhaled breath constituents, micro-mechanisms, and associated oral and systemic conditions. The subsequent section examines gas sensing device progress in the past five years, emphasizing their use in diagnosing oral diseases and pathological states. These devices evaluate various gas biomarkers, holding promise for bedside detection and routine monitoring, ultimately enhancing future quality of life.