Biopolymer-based hydrogels for biomedical applications: Bioactivity and wound healing properties

Wound healing is a crucial but complex process that represents an onerous burden on both individuals and the healthcare system in the alarming growth of chronic diseases. Infection and inflammation as external factors may worsen the healing process, leading to severe tissue damage. Hence, embarking on state-of-the-art and green approaches to exalt wound healing is of utmost significance. Natural-origin polymers derived from renewable sources have a lower infection footprint for skin regeneration, good biological interpretation, enzyme-controlled degradability, and elevated chemical versatility. Herein, this review systematically details the in-depth information on utilizing biopolymers for wound dressing. We aim to emphasize the importance of functional groups of biopolymers in wound healing, which offer excellent antibacterial activity, and also highlight how desirable swelling ratio and tensile strength can enhance wound healing activity. While this review provides newcomers an invaluable insight into the development of biomaterials for futuristic applications, it also discusses the challenges posed by some factors like poor mechanical properties. We hope this study will purvey a panoramic sketch of biopolymer-based hydrogel to improve wound healing and concede that a more sustainable and greener future is on the way.