Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in creosote-contaminated soil by Peniophora incarnata KUC8836

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in products made from creosote, coal tar, and asphalt. When wood pile treated with creosote is placed in soil, PAHs can contaminate it. Creosote has been used for wood preservation in the past and is composed of approximately 85% PAHs and 15% phenolic compounds. PAHs cause harmful effects to humans and the environment because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. White rot fungi can degrade not only lignin, but also recalcitrant organic compounds such as PAHs. Among numerous white rot fungi used in previous studies, four species were selected to degrade PAHs in a liquid medium. From this evaluation of the degradation of PAHs by the four fungal isolates, two species were ultimately selected for the highest rates of removal. Following 2 weeks of incubation with Peniophora incarnata KUC8836, the degradation rates of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were 86.5%, 77.4%, and 82.6%, respectively. Mycoaciella bispora KUC8201 showed the highest degradation rate for anthracene (61.8%). Hence, bioremediation of creosote-contaminated soil with an initial concentration of 229.49 mg kg^-1 PAHs was carried out using the two selected fungi because they could simultaneously degrade 13 more PAHs than the comparison species. More importantly, isolates of P. incarnata KUC8836 were discovered as powerful degraders of PAHs by producing laccase and manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP), with 1.7- and 1.1-fold higher than the comparison species, respectively. Therefore, the white rot fungus may be proposed for the removal of PAHs and xenobiotic compounds in contaminated environments.