TY - JOUR
T1 - Cadmium minimization in wheat
T2 - A critical review
AU - Rizwan, Muhammad
AU - Ali, Shafaqat
AU - Abbas, Tahir
AU - Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad
AU - Hannan, Fakhir
AU - Keller, Catherine
AU - Al-Wabel, Mohammad I.
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support from Government College, University Faisalabad and HEC (Higher Education Commission) ( IPFP/HRD/HEC/2014/1035 ) of Pakistan is gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its subsequent transfer to food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. Understanding wheat response to Cd stress and its management for aiming to reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in wheat may help to improve wheat growth and grain quality. This paper reviewed the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of Cd stress in wheat. It was concluded that Cd decreased germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat and plant response to Cd toxicity varies with cultivars, growth conditions and duration of stress applied. Cadmium caused oxidative stress and genotoxicity in wheat plants. Stimulation of antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, ion homeostasis and over production of signalling molecules are important adaptive strategies of wheat under Cd stress. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators, inorganic amendments, proper fertilization, silicon, and organic, manures and biochar, amendments are commonly used for the reduction of Cd uptake in wheat. Selection of low Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars, crop rotation, soil type, and exogenous application of microbes are among the other agronomic practices successfully employed in reducing Cd uptake by wheat. These management practices could enhance wheat tolerance to Cd stress and reduce the transfer of Cd to the food chain. However, their long-term sustainability in reducing Cd uptake by wheat needs further assessment.
AB - Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its subsequent transfer to food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. Understanding wheat response to Cd stress and its management for aiming to reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in wheat may help to improve wheat growth and grain quality. This paper reviewed the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of Cd stress in wheat. It was concluded that Cd decreased germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis and grain yield of wheat and plant response to Cd toxicity varies with cultivars, growth conditions and duration of stress applied. Cadmium caused oxidative stress and genotoxicity in wheat plants. Stimulation of antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, ion homeostasis and over production of signalling molecules are important adaptive strategies of wheat under Cd stress. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators, inorganic amendments, proper fertilization, silicon, and organic, manures and biochar, amendments are commonly used for the reduction of Cd uptake in wheat. Selection of low Cd-accumulating wheat cultivars, crop rotation, soil type, and exogenous application of microbes are among the other agronomic practices successfully employed in reducing Cd uptake by wheat. These management practices could enhance wheat tolerance to Cd stress and reduce the transfer of Cd to the food chain. However, their long-term sustainability in reducing Cd uptake by wheat needs further assessment.
KW - Agricultural practices
KW - Biochar
KW - Food security
KW - Growth and yield
KW - Mineral nutrients
KW - Silicon
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84962779500&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.04.001
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27062345
AN - SCOPUS:84962779500
SN - 0147-6513
VL - 130
SP - 43
EP - 53
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
ER -