TY - JOUR
T1 - Cadmium phytoremediation potential of Brassica crop species
T2 - A review
AU - Rizwan, Muhammad
AU - Ali, Shafaqat
AU - Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad
AU - Rinklebe, Jörg
AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.
AU - Bashir, Arooj
AU - Maqbool, Arosha
AU - Tack, F. M.G.
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) ( NRF-2015R1A2A2A11001432 ). The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Government College, University Faisalabad .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/8/1
Y1 - 2018/8/1
N2 - Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal released into the environment through anthropogenic activities. Phytoremediation is a green technology used for the stabilization or remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Brassica crop species can produce high biomass under a range of climatic and growing conditions, allowing for considerable uptake and accumulation of Cd, depending on species. These crop species can tolerate Cd stress via different mechanisms, including the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, chelation, compartmentation of Cd into metabolically inactive parts, and accumulation of total amino-acids and osmoprotectants. A higher Cd-stress level, however, overcomes the defense system and may cause oxidative stress in Brassica species due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, numerous approaches have been followed to decrease Cd toxicity in Brassica species, including selection of Cd-tolerant cultivars, the use of inorganic and organic amendments, exogenous application of soil organisms, and employment of plant-growth regulators. Furthermore, the coupling of genetic engineering with cropping may also help to alleviate Cd toxicity in Brassica species. However, several field studies demonstrated contrasting results. This review suggests that the combination of Cd-tolerant Brassica cultivars and the application of soil amendments, along with proper agricultural practices, may be the most efficient means of the soil Cd phytoattenuation. Breeding and selection of Cd-tolerant species, as well as species with higher biomass production, might be needed in the future when aiming to use Brassica species for phytoremediation.
AB - Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal released into the environment through anthropogenic activities. Phytoremediation is a green technology used for the stabilization or remediation of Cd-contaminated soils. Brassica crop species can produce high biomass under a range of climatic and growing conditions, allowing for considerable uptake and accumulation of Cd, depending on species. These crop species can tolerate Cd stress via different mechanisms, including the stimulation of the antioxidant defense system, chelation, compartmentation of Cd into metabolically inactive parts, and accumulation of total amino-acids and osmoprotectants. A higher Cd-stress level, however, overcomes the defense system and may cause oxidative stress in Brassica species due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, numerous approaches have been followed to decrease Cd toxicity in Brassica species, including selection of Cd-tolerant cultivars, the use of inorganic and organic amendments, exogenous application of soil organisms, and employment of plant-growth regulators. Furthermore, the coupling of genetic engineering with cropping may also help to alleviate Cd toxicity in Brassica species. However, several field studies demonstrated contrasting results. This review suggests that the combination of Cd-tolerant Brassica cultivars and the application of soil amendments, along with proper agricultural practices, may be the most efficient means of the soil Cd phytoattenuation. Breeding and selection of Cd-tolerant species, as well as species with higher biomass production, might be needed in the future when aiming to use Brassica species for phytoremediation.
KW - Biochar
KW - Cadmium
KW - Charcoal
KW - Microbes
KW - Silicon
KW - Soil remediation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85043579694&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.104
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.104
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29727943
AN - SCOPUS:85043579694
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 631-632
SP - 1175
EP - 1191
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -