TY - GEN
T1 - Causal connectivity according to conscious experience in non-rapid eye movement sleep
AU - Lee, Minji
AU - Baird, Benjamin
AU - Gosseries, Olivia
AU - Nieminen, Jaakko O.
AU - Boly, Melanie
AU - Tononi, Giulio
AU - Lee, Seong Whan
N1 - Funding Information:
*Research supported by the Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (No. 2017-0-00451; Development of BCI based Brain and Cognitive Computing Technology for Recognizing User’s Intentions using Deep Learning); NIH MH064498; Academy of Finland (Decision No. 294625); the European Unions Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation under the Specific Grant Agreement No. 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2); the Luminous project (EU-H2020-fetopenga686764); the University and University Hospital of Liege, the Belgian National Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 IEEE.
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - The understanding of human consciousness based on brain connectivity is considered important for brain-machine interfacing. In this study, we investigated changes in causal connectivity in electroencephalography data related to conscious and unconscious experiences during non-rapid eye movement sleep after parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A serial awakening paradigm was used to determine whether subjects had had a conscious experience or not. We calculated direct transfer function (DTF) as a measure of effective connectivity in five frequency bands focusing on frontal and parietal-occipital regions. The DTF showed significant differences in frontal-to-parietal flow between reported unconsciousness and consciousness. During the first 100 ms after TMS, the outward links of the parietal region at low frequencies were higher in no conscious experience than in conscious experience. During the next 100 ms, however, the outward links of the frontal region were higher in the conscious experience than the no conscious experience at low frequencies. Changes with causal connectivity over time after TMS indicate that the spatial roles in brain regions associated with consciousness are different. These findings may help clarify the cortical mechanisms related to conscious experience.
AB - The understanding of human consciousness based on brain connectivity is considered important for brain-machine interfacing. In this study, we investigated changes in causal connectivity in electroencephalography data related to conscious and unconscious experiences during non-rapid eye movement sleep after parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). A serial awakening paradigm was used to determine whether subjects had had a conscious experience or not. We calculated direct transfer function (DTF) as a measure of effective connectivity in five frequency bands focusing on frontal and parietal-occipital regions. The DTF showed significant differences in frontal-to-parietal flow between reported unconsciousness and consciousness. During the first 100 ms after TMS, the outward links of the parietal region at low frequencies were higher in no conscious experience than in conscious experience. During the next 100 ms, however, the outward links of the frontal region were higher in the conscious experience than the no conscious experience at low frequencies. Changes with causal connectivity over time after TMS indicate that the spatial roles in brain regions associated with consciousness are different. These findings may help clarify the cortical mechanisms related to conscious experience.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076725698&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/SMC.2019.8914541
DO - 10.1109/SMC.2019.8914541
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85076725698
T3 - Conference Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
SP - 2133
EP - 2138
BT - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC 2019
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC 2019
Y2 - 6 October 2019 through 9 October 2019
ER -