Cerebral infarct in a patient with a history of systemic arterial and venous thrombosis from essential thrombocythemia

Although essential thrombocythemia (ET) may involve thrombotic complications, including arterial or venous thrombosis, there are no reports of major vascular complications, including both arterial and venous thrombosis, in a patient with ET. We report on a patient with a cerebral infarction affecting the right lateral thalamus and a stenotic lesion of the right posterior cerebral artery. This arterial thrombotic event may be related to ET, which was based on results of a bone marrow biopsy specimen. The patient had experienced previous events of thrombosis, splenic infarction with venous thrombosis, and myocardial infarction. The cause of recurrent ischemic events involving both arterial and venous systems may be sustained elevation of platelet counts. Previous thrombosis is an established risk factor for rethrombosis in patients with ET. Efficient cytoreductive therapy with an antiplatelet agent should be considered for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis.