Cold-start performance investigation of fuel cell electric vehicles with heat pump-assisted thermal management systems

Soohwan Kim; Hoyoung Jeong; Hoseong Lee

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121001

Cold-start performance investigation of fuel cell electric vehicles with heat pump-assisted thermal management systems

Soohwan Kim
, Hoyoung Jeong
, Hoseong Lee^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

48 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In this study, the cold-start performance of fuel cell (FC) electric vehicles was investigated via integration of a heat pump system with a thermal management system (TMS). A model for the proposed heat pump-assisted TMS and FC stack was developed using experimental data. On the basis of the validated model, the potential of the heat pump-assisted TMS was comprehensively evaluated from the standpoint of three critical factors: air velocity, compressor speed, and coolant volume flow rate (VFR). Consequently, it was observed that the cold-start performance can be maximized in the case of a large coolant VFR, high compressor speed, and air velocity above 0.96 m s⁻¹. Among the three variables, the most dominant was the coolant VFR, followed by the air velocity. When the compressor speed, air velocity, and coolant VFR were optimized, the cold-start time and total energy consumption of the heat pump-assisted TMS could be reduced by 29.9 and 11.3%, respectively, when compared to those of the baseline TMS during the cold-start period. In addition, an increase in the ambient temperature improved cold-start performance with the heat pump-assisted TMS.

Original language	English
Article number	121001
Journal	Energy
Volume	232
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121001
Publication status	Published - 2021 Oct 1

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). ( NRF–2019R1C1C1011195 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Automotive thermal management system
Cold-start
Fuel cell electric vehicle
Heat pump system

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Civil and Structural Engineering
Modelling and Simulation
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Building and Construction
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Pollution
Mechanical Engineering
General Energy
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1016/j.energy.2021.121001

Cite this

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title = "Cold-start performance investigation of fuel cell electric vehicles with heat pump-assisted thermal management systems",

abstract = "In this study, the cold-start performance of fuel cell (FC) electric vehicles was investigated via integration of a heat pump system with a thermal management system (TMS). A model for the proposed heat pump-assisted TMS and FC stack was developed using experimental data. On the basis of the validated model, the potential of the heat pump-assisted TMS was comprehensively evaluated from the standpoint of three critical factors: air velocity, compressor speed, and coolant volume flow rate (VFR). Consequently, it was observed that the cold-start performance can be maximized in the case of a large coolant VFR, high compressor speed, and air velocity above 0.96 m s−1. Among the three variables, the most dominant was the coolant VFR, followed by the air velocity. When the compressor speed, air velocity, and coolant VFR were optimized, the cold-start time and total energy consumption of the heat pump-assisted TMS could be reduced by 29.9 and 11.3\%, respectively, when compared to those of the baseline TMS during the cold-start period. In addition, an increase in the ambient temperature improved cold-start performance with the heat pump-assisted TMS.",

keywords = "Automotive thermal management system, Cold-start, Fuel cell electric vehicle, Heat pump system",

author = "Soohwan Kim and Hoyoung Jeong and Hoseong Lee",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). ( NRF–2019R1C1C1011195 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2021",

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day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.energy.2021.121001",

language = "English",

volume = "232",

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AU - Kim, Soohwan

AU - Jeong, Hoyoung

AU - Lee, Hoseong

PY - 2021/10/1

Y1 - 2021/10/1

N2 - In this study, the cold-start performance of fuel cell (FC) electric vehicles was investigated via integration of a heat pump system with a thermal management system (TMS). A model for the proposed heat pump-assisted TMS and FC stack was developed using experimental data. On the basis of the validated model, the potential of the heat pump-assisted TMS was comprehensively evaluated from the standpoint of three critical factors: air velocity, compressor speed, and coolant volume flow rate (VFR). Consequently, it was observed that the cold-start performance can be maximized in the case of a large coolant VFR, high compressor speed, and air velocity above 0.96 m s−1. Among the three variables, the most dominant was the coolant VFR, followed by the air velocity. When the compressor speed, air velocity, and coolant VFR were optimized, the cold-start time and total energy consumption of the heat pump-assisted TMS could be reduced by 29.9 and 11.3%, respectively, when compared to those of the baseline TMS during the cold-start period. In addition, an increase in the ambient temperature improved cold-start performance with the heat pump-assisted TMS.

AB - In this study, the cold-start performance of fuel cell (FC) electric vehicles was investigated via integration of a heat pump system with a thermal management system (TMS). A model for the proposed heat pump-assisted TMS and FC stack was developed using experimental data. On the basis of the validated model, the potential of the heat pump-assisted TMS was comprehensively evaluated from the standpoint of three critical factors: air velocity, compressor speed, and coolant volume flow rate (VFR). Consequently, it was observed that the cold-start performance can be maximized in the case of a large coolant VFR, high compressor speed, and air velocity above 0.96 m s−1. Among the three variables, the most dominant was the coolant VFR, followed by the air velocity. When the compressor speed, air velocity, and coolant VFR were optimized, the cold-start time and total energy consumption of the heat pump-assisted TMS could be reduced by 29.9 and 11.3%, respectively, when compared to those of the baseline TMS during the cold-start period. In addition, an increase in the ambient temperature improved cold-start performance with the heat pump-assisted TMS.

KW - Automotive thermal management system

KW - Cold-start

KW - Fuel cell electric vehicle

KW - Heat pump system

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ER -

Cold-start performance investigation of fuel cell electric vehicles with heat pump-assisted thermal management systems

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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