TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative assessment of biochars from multiple sources based on persulfate activation capability
T2 - Role of iron component in enhancing thermal treatment effect on carbocatalytic performance
AU - Suh, Sae In
AU - Woo, Heesoo
AU - Song, So Yeon
AU - Park, Dongjoo
AU - Ahn, Yong Yoon
AU - Kim, Eunju
AU - Lee, Hongshin
AU - Kim, Dong Wan
AU - Lee, Changha
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
AU - Lee, Jaesang
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean government (grant no. 2021R1A2C2003763 ) and the Korea Ministry of Environment (grant no. RE202201829 ) and Korea Environment Industry and Technology Institute ( KEITI ) through the Developing Innovative Drinking Water and Wastewater Technologies Project ( 2022002710001 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/8/5
Y1 - 2023/8/5
N2 - In this study, we explored the correlation between the catalytic activity of UK Biochar Research Center biochars (BCs) and their physicochemical properties, suggesting a potential role of endogenous iron in promoting their persulfate activation capability by heat treatment. A steady improvement in the persulfate activation efficiency with increasing annealing temperature was observed exclusively for iron-containing BCs (e.g., sewage sludge (SS) BCs). Along with increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, thermal annealing formed carbon-wrapped iron particles on the SS BC surfaces, produced crystalline elemental iron and iron carbides, and caused an sp3-to-sp2 conversion in the carbon phase. Comparing the annealed SS BCs in terms of the open circuit potential shift, electrical conductivity, and thermodynamic binding parameters showed that the heat-initiated modification enhanced the electron transfer-mediating capacity and surface affinity toward persulfate, which led to the beneficial effect of annealing on the carbocatalytic activity of iron-containing BCs for non-radical persulfate activation.
AB - In this study, we explored the correlation between the catalytic activity of UK Biochar Research Center biochars (BCs) and their physicochemical properties, suggesting a potential role of endogenous iron in promoting their persulfate activation capability by heat treatment. A steady improvement in the persulfate activation efficiency with increasing annealing temperature was observed exclusively for iron-containing BCs (e.g., sewage sludge (SS) BCs). Along with increasing the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, thermal annealing formed carbon-wrapped iron particles on the SS BC surfaces, produced crystalline elemental iron and iron carbides, and caused an sp3-to-sp2 conversion in the carbon phase. Comparing the annealed SS BCs in terms of the open circuit potential shift, electrical conductivity, and thermodynamic binding parameters showed that the heat-initiated modification enhanced the electron transfer-mediating capacity and surface affinity toward persulfate, which led to the beneficial effect of annealing on the carbocatalytic activity of iron-containing BCs for non-radical persulfate activation.
KW - Biochar
KW - Carbon-encapsulated iron
KW - Non-radical oxidation
KW - Persulfate activation
KW - Thermal annealing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85150393019&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122647
DO - 10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122647
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85150393019
SN - 0926-3373
VL - 330
JO - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
JF - Applied Catalysis B: Environmental
M1 - 122647
ER -