Comparison of a single shot T1-weighted in- and out-of-phase magnetization prepared gradient recalled echo with a standard two-dimensional gradient recalled echo: Preliminary findings

Purpose: To compare in-phase (IP) /out-of-phase (OP) single shot magnetization-prepared gradient-recalled-echo (MP-GRE) with a standard two-dimensional gradient-recalled-echo (2D-GRE), and to compare image quality of MP-GRE in cooperative and noncooperative subjects. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six consecutive subjects (52 males, 44 females; mean age, 53.2 ± 16.7 years), both cooperative (n = 73) and noncooperative (n = 23) subjects who had MRI examinations including precontrast T1-weighted IP/OP MP-GRE with or without IP/OP 2D-GRE were included in the study. The sequences were independently qualitatively evaluated by two radiologists. Quantitative analysis of liver fat index, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and liver-lesion contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was also performed. Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The visual detection of the presence or absence of liver steatosis showed no differences between 2D-GRE and MP-GRE imaging (k = 1). Minor differences were observed on image quality between MP-GRE and 2D-GRE in cooperative subjects, and between MP-GRE sequences performed in cooperative and noncooperative subjects. Liver fat index results were strongly positively correlated (r =.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97 to 0.98; P <.0001). Intercept (.14; 95% CI.13 to.15; P <.0001) and slope (.83; 95% CI.79 to.86; P <.0001) were statistically significant. Conclusion: IP/OP MP-GRE and 2D-GRE comparably demonstrate the presence or absence of hepatic steatosis. Image quality of MP-GRE was also comparable to 2D-GRE, and was not substantially adversely affected if subjects were unable to cooperate with breathholding instructions.