Comparison of Machine and Deep Learning Methods for Mapping Sea Farms Using High-Resolution Satellite Image

Choung, Y.-J. and Jung, D. 2021. Comparison of machine and deep learning methods for mapping sea farms using high-resolution satellite image. In: Lee, J.L.; Suh, K.-S.; Lee, B.; Shin, S., and Lee, J. (eds.), Crisis and Integrated Management for Coastal and Marine Safety. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 114, pp. 420-423. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Previous research had shown that the supervised machine learning approach performed better than unsupervised machine learning for mapping sea farms using a high-resolution satellite image. The present work compares a support vector machine (SVM), which represents the supervised machine learning approach, and a deep neural network (DNN), which represents the deep learning approach, for mapping sea farms using KOMPSAT-3 satellite images acquired in the South Sea of South Korea. First, coastal maps were generated from the image source given by SVM and DNN. Next, the above-water and underwater farms were detected separately from both the maps based on the minimum and maximum thresholds. Finally, the detection accuracy of both the above-water and underwater farms from both coastal maps was assessed. Statistical results showed that deep learning (DNN) provided better performance than machine learning (SVM) for detecting above-water farms from the given high-resolution satellite image, while both DNN and SVM yielded the same performance for underwater farms. However, a few errors occurred in the detection because of the limitations of the pixel-based classification approaches. In future research, the deep learning algorithm combined with object-based classification, such as the convolutional neural network, can be used to detect sea farms from the given high-resolution image more accurately.