Controlled atmosphere storage enhances Korean melon shelf life and quality: A comparative metabolic analysis with reefer container export

Korean melons are renowned for their taste and nutritional qualities but face challenges such as chilling injury and browning during post-harvest storage, limiting their export potential. To address these issues, we compared melons stored in Controlled Atmosphere (CA) containers to those in Reefer Container (CON) under simulated export conditions. This study examines the effects of CA storage on the quality, metabolite changes, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Korean melons (Cucumis melo var. makuwa). CA-stored Korean melons showed increased concentrations of cutin monomers, suggesting reduced browning due to the expression of cutin-related genes. VOCs analysis revealed distinctive patterns in both Korean melon skin and juice, with specific compounds elevated in CA storage. The breakdown of linolenic acid into (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal was reduced by approximately 30 % under CA storage, likely due to reduced oxygen availability. Twister-assisted VOCs analysis highlighted aroma differences, indicating potential effects on sensory perception. Solubility changes showed a 15 % increase in glyceric acid and a 20 % decrease in oxalate levels under CA storage, suggesting improved flavor and reduced harmful compounds. The freshness model based on VOCs indicated that CA-treated melons remained fresh approximately 4 d longer than control melons. In conclusion, CA storage improves the quality, freshness, and nutritional profile of Korean melons and offers valuable insights for refining post-harvest storage practices. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects of CA storage on other fruits and vegetables.