Controlling the electromagnetic and electrochemical sensing properties of graphene via heteroatom doping

Since its discovery, graphene has been extensively used in a variety of applications due to its unique surface chemistry, large surface area, high mobility, large electrical and thermal conductivity, and catalytic properties. Several methods for the synthesis of graphene have emerged; however, the development of a perfect graphene on a large scale is still a challenge. To overcome the intrinsic defects generated during the chemical synthesis procedures, doping graphene with heteroatoms is considered a viable way to enhance the properties of reduced graphene oxide. Among heteroatom dopants, both n-type and p-type ones have been successfully developed and demonstrated for a variety of applications. In this chapter, we aim to discuss typical n-type heteroatom dopants and their potential applications. In particular, we will focus on sulfur-doped graphene, which is relatively less studied and difficult to dope as compared to other heteroatom dopants such as nitrogen and boron. The effect of S-doped graphene in controlling the properties of reduced graphene oxide will be presented with a particular focus on electromagnetic interference shielding and electrochemical sensing of some important biomolecules.