Development of porous carbon nanofibers from electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride for CO₂ capture

Highly porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are successfully prepared for CO₂ capture from the carbonization of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In the CNF preparation, different temperatures in the range 300-1000 °C are applied for carbonization, and the effect of temperature is investigated. Well-developed porosities and enhanced CO₂ adsorption uptakes are achieved by applying a large degree of carbonization at temperatures of 400 °C or above. In the carbonization at high temperatures, narrow micropores (<0.7 nm) are predominantly developed in the PVDF-based CNFs, contributing to an increase of specific surface area and pore volume up to 1065 m² g^-1 and 0.61 cm³ g^-1, respectively. The highest CO₂ adsorption uptake of 3.1 mol kg^-1 is measured at 30 °C and ∼1 atm for PVDF-based CNF carbonized at 1000 °C. PVDF-based CNFs also display excellent recyclability and rapid adsorption-desorption kinetics, which make PVDF-based CNFs promising adsorbents for CO₂ capture.