Differentiating changes in movement-related EEG response induced by transcranial direct current stimulation using convolutional neural network

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can modulate neuronal excitability and induce brain plasticity. Although tDCS has been studied with various methods, more research is needed on the movement-related electroencephalography (EEG) changes induced by tDCS. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate whether these changes can be distinguished through a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based classifier. In this study, we measured the EEG during the voluntary foot-tapping task of participants who received tDCS or sham stimulation and evaluated the classification performance. As a result, significantly higher classification accuracy was shown using the β band (88.7±9.4%), which is more related to motor function, than in the other bands (71.4±10.6% for δ band, 64.1±13.4% for θ band, and 65.7±10.9% for α band). Consequently, EEG changes during the voluntary foot-tapping task induced by tDCS appeared large in the β band, implying that it is effective in classifying whether tDCS was given or not, and plays an important role in identifying the effect of tDCS.