Abstract
A novel series of 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The cytotoxicity of all 41 novel compounds was screened to assess their pharmacological safety in pancreatic β-cells. A two-step optimization process was carried out to establish the structure-activity relationship for this class and subsequently we identified the most active analogue 26. Further modification study of 26 evidenced the necessity of N-hydrogens in the core architecture. Protein expression analysis suggested that 26 increases insulin secretion via the activation of the upstream effector of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), which is an important factor promoting GSIS. Moreover, the administration of 26 effectively augmented glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells via the suppression of Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), an insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) ubiquitination E3 ligase.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 113325 |
Journal | European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry |
Volume | 217 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2021 May 5 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education ( NRF-2018R1D1A1B07045101 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS
Keywords
- 3-Benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide
- Glucose stimulation index (GSI)
- Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS)
- Structure-activity relationship (SAR)
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pharmacology
- Drug Discovery
- Organic Chemistry