Abstract
Melanoma, the most severe form of skin cancer, has poor prognosis and is resistant to chemotherapy. Targeting cancer metabolism is a promising approach in cancer therapeutics. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) is a mitochondrial enzyme with diaphorase activity. Here we report a pivotal role of DLD in melanoma cell progression and proliferation. Suppression DLD expression by low intensity UVA (125 mJ/cm2) increased intracellular ROS production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential thereby inducing autophagy cell death which were confirmed by increased LC3BII and decreased p62 expression in melanoma cells. Knockdown of DLD in melanoma cells also showed similar results. More so, suppression of DLD significantly inhibits in vivo melanoma growth and tumor proliferation. In addition, suppression of DLD increased the NAD+/NADH ratio in melanoma cells and also inhibits TCA cycle related metabolites. DLD downregulation markedly increased α-ketoglutarate and decreased succinic acid suggesting that DLD suppression may have decreased TCA cycle downstream metabolites, resulting in the alteration of mitochondrial energy metabolism Thus the downregulation of DLD induced autophagic cell death in melanoma cells and inhibits in vivo tumor growth and proliferation by increasing ROS production and altering energy metabolism. Our findings suggest that DLD plays a pivotal role in melanoma progression and proliferation.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 77-87 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Free Radical Biology and Medicine |
Volume | 162 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2021 Jan |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the KIST Institutional Program (Project No. 2E29563-19-120 ) and Ambrobnp (Seoul, Korea), grant number 202006250001. We would like to thank Editage ( www.editage.co.kr ) for English language editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s)
Keywords
- A375
- Autophagy
- Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
- MNT1
- Melanoma
- NAD/NADH
- ROS
- UVA
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Physiology (medical)