Effects of the immobilization of heparin and rhPDGF-BB to titanium surfaces for the enhancement of osteoblastic functions and anti-inflammation

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (rhPDGF-BB) and heparin to titanium surfaces for enhancement of osteoblastic functions and inhibition of inflammation activity. Materials and Methods: The anodized titanium discs, not coated with any material, were used as a control group. In heparinized- Ti group, dopamine was anchored to the surface of Ti substrates, and coated with heparin. In PDGF-Ti group, rhPDGF-BB was immobilized onto heparinized Ti surface. The surface morphologies were investigated by the scanning electron microscope in each group. The release kinetics of rhPDGF-BB were analyzed, and cytotoxicity tests for each group were conducted. The biocompatibilities were characterized by measuring cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition using MG-63 cells. Statistical comparisons were carried out by one-way ANOVA tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at *P<.05 and **P<.001. Results: The combination of rhPDGF-BB and heparin stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and OCN mRNA expression in osteoblastic cells (*P<.05 and **P<.001). MG-63 cells grown on PDGF-Ti had significantly higher amounts of calcium deposition than those grown on anodized Ti (**P<.001). Heparinized Ti was more anti-inflammatory compared to anodized Ti, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide using the transcript levels of TNF-α and IL-6 of proinflammatory cytokine (*P<.05 and **P<.001). Conclusion: The result of this study demonstrated that the incorporation of rhPDGF-BB and heparin onto Ti surface enhanced osteoblastic functions and inhibited inflammation.