Effects of transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) on tensile property improvement of Fe₄₅Co₃₀Cr₁₀V₁₀Ni_5-xMn_x high-entropy alloys

A new metastable high-entropy alloy (HEA) system was suggested by thermodynamic calculations based on the Gibbs free energies of FCC and HCP and the associated stacking fault energy (SFE). The Fe₄₅Co₃₀Cr₁₀V₁₀Ni_5-xMn_x (x = 0, 2.5, and 5 at.%) alloys were fabricated, and their tensile properties were evaluated at room and cryogenic temperatures. The relationship between the deformation mechanism and strain hardening behavior was investigated to reveal the role of deformation-induced martensitic transformation on tensile properties. The difference in Gibbs energy decreases with increasing Mn content, leading to the decreased SFE in sequence. At room temperature, ~60% of BCC martensite in the 5Mn HEA contributes effectively to the steady strain hardening, suppressing the plastic instability. This TRIP effect achieves much eminence in the cryogenic deformation, enabling the tensile strength to reach over 1.6 GPa due to 100% of BCC and HCP martensite. In addition to the fraction of martensite, the increased Mn content reduces a critical strain required to trigger the martensitic transformation and then raises the transformation rate. The present findings may provide a guide for the design of metastable HEAs to enhance tensile properties for cryogenic applications through adjusting SFE and TRIP effect.