Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays an important role in gastric carcinogenesis, as the majority of gastric cancers develop from H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. The rate of early gastric cancer diagnosis has increased in Japan and Korea, where H. pylori infection and gastric cancer are highly prevalent. Early intestinal-type gastric cancer without concomitant lymph node metastasis is usually treated by endoscopic resection. Secondary metachronous gastric cancers often develop because atrophic mucosa left untreated after endoscopic treatment confers a high risk of gastric cancer. The efficacy of H. pylori eradication for the prevention of metachronous gastric cancer remains controversial. However, in patients who undergo endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer, H. pylori eradication is recommended to suppress or delay metachronous gastric cancer. Careful and regularly scheduled endoscopy should be performed to detect minute metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic resection.