Efficacy of in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) remediating high nitrate flux in groundwater near a stock-raising complex

Kyungjin Han; Jonghyun Yoon; Yuhoon Yeum; Sunhwa Park; Hyun Koo Kim; Moonsu Kim; Hyen Mi Chung; Sooyoul Kwon; Seong Taek Yun; Young Kim

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110004

Efficacy of in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) remediating high nitrate flux in groundwater near a stock-raising complex

Kyungjin Han, Jonghyun Yoon, Yuhoon Yeum, Sunhwa Park, Hyun Koo Kim, Moonsu Kim, Hyen Mi Chung, Sooyoul Kwon, Seong Taek Yun, Young Kim

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Abstract

This study assessed the feasibility of an in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) for managing groundwater contaminated with high-strength nitrate. To evaluate the efficacy of WDB using fumarate as a carbon source and/or electron donor, three sequential single-well push-pull tests (SWPPTs) were conducted at six test sites. The values of the isotope enrichment factor (ɛ) ranging from −6.5‰ to −22.6‰ and the detection and degradation of nitrite and nitrous oxide confirmed complete in situ denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas. The ratio of the first-order rate coefficient of fumarate to nitrate (k_1,fum/k_1,NO3) was obtained to estimate the amount and frequency of fumarate injection for the effective design of WDB. At three sites, the ratios ranged from 0.67 to 0.80, while the other two sites showed higher ratios of 2.97 and 2.20 than the theoretical values and significant amounts of sulfate reduction, theoretically equivalent to 6.5% of total fumarate consumption. Considering the theoretical mole ratio of fumarate to nitrate of 0.98, the amount and frequency of fumarate injection is site specific. During the operating WDB, the average annual nitrate mass degraded (95% CI) was 2.2 ± 1.0 kg N/yr/well. The amount of N reduced by one well of WDB is equivalent to treating 110 m³ of groundwater at 30 mg N/L to the level of 10 mg N/L for one year. WDB would be an effective remediation option for managing high nitrate flux in groundwater.

Original language	English
Article number	110004
Journal	Journal of Environmental Management
Volume	258
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110004
Publication status	Published - 2020 Mar 15

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-SP2017-253). This research was also supported by a Korea University grant. This article has not been reviewed by this agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea ( NIER-SP2017-253 ). This research was also supported by a Korea University grant. This article has not been reviewed by this agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Keywords

Biological heterotrophic denitrification
Fumarate
High-strength nitrate
Well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Waste Management and Disposal
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

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10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110004

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title = "Efficacy of in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) remediating high nitrate flux in groundwater near a stock-raising complex",

abstract = "This study assessed the feasibility of an in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) for managing groundwater contaminated with high-strength nitrate. To evaluate the efficacy of WDB using fumarate as a carbon source and/or electron donor, three sequential single-well push-pull tests (SWPPTs) were conducted at six test sites. The values of the isotope enrichment factor (ɛ) ranging from −6.5‰ to −22.6‰ and the detection and degradation of nitrite and nitrous oxide confirmed complete in situ denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas. The ratio of the first-order rate coefficient of fumarate to nitrate (k1,fum/k1,NO3) was obtained to estimate the amount and frequency of fumarate injection for the effective design of WDB. At three sites, the ratios ranged from 0.67 to 0.80, while the other two sites showed higher ratios of 2.97 and 2.20 than the theoretical values and significant amounts of sulfate reduction, theoretically equivalent to 6.5% of total fumarate consumption. Considering the theoretical mole ratio of fumarate to nitrate of 0.98, the amount and frequency of fumarate injection is site specific. During the operating WDB, the average annual nitrate mass degraded (95% CI) was 2.2 ± 1.0 kg N/yr/well. The amount of N reduced by one well of WDB is equivalent to treating 110 m3 of groundwater at 30 mg N/L to the level of 10 mg N/L for one year. WDB would be an effective remediation option for managing high nitrate flux in groundwater.",

keywords = "Biological heterotrophic denitrification, Fumarate, High-strength nitrate, Well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB)",

author = "Kyungjin Han and Jonghyun Yoon and Yuhoon Yeum and Sunhwa Park and Kim, {Hyun Koo} and Moonsu Kim and Chung, {Hyen Mi} and Sooyoul Kwon and Yun, {Seong Taek} and Young Kim",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-SP2017-253). This research was also supported by a Korea University grant. This article has not been reviewed by this agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea ( NIER-SP2017-253 ). This research was also supported by a Korea University grant. This article has not been reviewed by this agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",

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AU - Han, Kyungjin

AU - Yoon, Jonghyun

AU - Yeum, Yuhoon

AU - Park, Sunhwa

AU - Kim, Hyun Koo

AU - Kim, Moonsu

AU - Chung, Hyen Mi

AU - Kwon, Sooyoul

AU - Yun, Seong Taek

AU - Kim, Young

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIER-SP2017-253). This research was also supported by a Korea University grant. This article has not been reviewed by this agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment Research (NIER), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea ( NIER-SP2017-253 ). This research was also supported by a Korea University grant. This article has not been reviewed by this agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

PY - 2020/3/15

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N2 - This study assessed the feasibility of an in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) for managing groundwater contaminated with high-strength nitrate. To evaluate the efficacy of WDB using fumarate as a carbon source and/or electron donor, three sequential single-well push-pull tests (SWPPTs) were conducted at six test sites. The values of the isotope enrichment factor (ɛ) ranging from −6.5‰ to −22.6‰ and the detection and degradation of nitrite and nitrous oxide confirmed complete in situ denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas. The ratio of the first-order rate coefficient of fumarate to nitrate (k1,fum/k1,NO3) was obtained to estimate the amount and frequency of fumarate injection for the effective design of WDB. At three sites, the ratios ranged from 0.67 to 0.80, while the other two sites showed higher ratios of 2.97 and 2.20 than the theoretical values and significant amounts of sulfate reduction, theoretically equivalent to 6.5% of total fumarate consumption. Considering the theoretical mole ratio of fumarate to nitrate of 0.98, the amount and frequency of fumarate injection is site specific. During the operating WDB, the average annual nitrate mass degraded (95% CI) was 2.2 ± 1.0 kg N/yr/well. The amount of N reduced by one well of WDB is equivalent to treating 110 m3 of groundwater at 30 mg N/L to the level of 10 mg N/L for one year. WDB would be an effective remediation option for managing high nitrate flux in groundwater.

AB - This study assessed the feasibility of an in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) for managing groundwater contaminated with high-strength nitrate. To evaluate the efficacy of WDB using fumarate as a carbon source and/or electron donor, three sequential single-well push-pull tests (SWPPTs) were conducted at six test sites. The values of the isotope enrichment factor (ɛ) ranging from −6.5‰ to −22.6‰ and the detection and degradation of nitrite and nitrous oxide confirmed complete in situ denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas. The ratio of the first-order rate coefficient of fumarate to nitrate (k1,fum/k1,NO3) was obtained to estimate the amount and frequency of fumarate injection for the effective design of WDB. At three sites, the ratios ranged from 0.67 to 0.80, while the other two sites showed higher ratios of 2.97 and 2.20 than the theoretical values and significant amounts of sulfate reduction, theoretically equivalent to 6.5% of total fumarate consumption. Considering the theoretical mole ratio of fumarate to nitrate of 0.98, the amount and frequency of fumarate injection is site specific. During the operating WDB, the average annual nitrate mass degraded (95% CI) was 2.2 ± 1.0 kg N/yr/well. The amount of N reduced by one well of WDB is equivalent to treating 110 m3 of groundwater at 30 mg N/L to the level of 10 mg N/L for one year. WDB would be an effective remediation option for managing high nitrate flux in groundwater.

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KW - Well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB)

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Efficacy of in situ well-based denitrification bio-barrier (WDB) remediating high nitrate flux in groundwater near a stock-raising complex

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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