Electrochemical performance of Mn₃O₄ nanorods by N-doped reduced graphene oxide using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for lithium storage

The crumpled N-doped reduced graphene oxide wrapped Mn₃O₄ nanorods (Mn-NrGO) composite are synthesized via a combination of spray pyrolysis and a hydrothermal process for lithium ion batteries. The Mn₃O₄ nanorods are uniformly dispersed in the conductive matrix of crumpled N-doped reduced graphene oxide, forming a uniform wrapped composite and stopping them from restacking, which synergistically enhanced the Li⁺ ion conductivity. The well-defined Mn₃O₄ nanorods, strong interaction between Mn₃O₄ and NrGO, and highly graphitic properties of Mn-NrGO result in superior reversible capacity, long cycle life, and superior rate performance of approximately 1500 mAh/g at 0.1 C after 100 cycles and >660S mAh/g at 1.0 C after 500 cycles.