Emerging Porous Materials and Their Composites for NH₃ Gas Removal

NH₃, essential for producing artificial fertilizers and several military and commercial products, is being produced at a large scale to satisfy increasing demands. The inevitable leakage of NH₃ during its utilization, even in trace concentrations, poses significant environmental and health risks because of its highly toxic and reactive nature. Although numerous techniques have been developed for the removal of atmospheric NH₃, conventional NH₃ abatement systems possess the disadvantages of high maintenance cost, low selectivity, and emission of secondary wastes. In this context, highly tunable porous materials such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, hydrogen organic frameworks, porous organic polymers, and their composite materials have emerged as next-generation NH₃ adsorbents. Herein, recent progress in the development of porous NH₃ adsorbents is summarized; furthermore, factors affecting NH₃ capture are analyzed to provide a reasonable strategy for the design and synthesis of promising materials for NH₃ abatement.