Abstract
The emission rates of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), formamide (FAd), and certain hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured from seventeen mattress textile samples with four different raw material types: polyurethane (PU: n=3), polyester/polyethylene (PE: n=7), ethylene vinyl acetate (EV: n=3), and polyvinyl chloride (PC: n=4). To simulate the emissions in a heated room during winter season, measurements were made under temperature-controlled conditions, i.e., 50°C by using a mini-chamber system made of a midget impinger. Comparison of the data indicates that the patterns were greatly distinguished between DMF and FAd. PU products yielded the highest mean emission rates of DMF (2940μgm-2h-1: n=3) followed by PE (325μgm-2h-1: n=7), although its emission was not seen from other materials (EV and PC). In contrast, the pattern of FAd emission was moderately reversed from that of DMF: EV>PC>PE>PU. The results of our analysis confirm that most materials used for mattress production have the strong potential to emit either DMF or FAd in relatively large quantities while in use in children[U+05F3]s care facilities, especially in winter months. Moreover, it was also observed that an increase in temperature (25°C to 50°C) had a significant impact on the emission rate of FAd and other hazardous VOCs. In addition to the aforementioned amides, the study revealed significant emissions of a number of hazardous VOCs, such as aromatic and carbonyl compounds.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 350-356 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
Volume | 114 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2015 Apr 1 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (No. 2009-0093848 ). The first author also acknowledges the support of "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project title: Study on model development to control odor from Pigpen Project No. PJ01052101)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The corresponding author acknowledges the support of Department of Botany, GGV, Bilaspur and Start-up-Grant from UGC, New Delhi.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords
- Emission rate
- Formamide
- Health hazard
- Mattress textile
- N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Pollution
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis