Energetic Contributions Including Gender Differences and Metabolic Flexibility in the General Population and Athletes

Woo Hwi Yang; Jeong Hyun Park; So Young Park; Yongdoo Park

doi:10.3390/metabo12100965

Energetic Contributions Including Gender Differences and Metabolic Flexibility in the General Population and Athletes

Woo Hwi Yang, Jeong Hyun Park, So Young Park, Yongdoo Park

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Metabolic flexibility includes the ability to perform fat and carbohydrate oxidation, as well as oxidative capacity, which is associated with mitochondrial function, energetic contributions, and physical health and performance. During a session of graded incremental exercise testing (GIET), we investigated metabolic flexibility, the contributions of three energy systems, and performances of individuals with different metabolic characteristics. Fifteen general population (GP; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) and 15 national-level half-marathon and triathlon athletes (A; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) participated in this study. During GIET, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O_2mean and (Formula presented.) CO_2mean), metabolic equivalents (METs) in (Formula presented.) O_2mean, and blood glucose and lactate concentrations (La⁻) were measured. Furthermore, jogging/running speeds (S) at specific La⁻, fat and carbohydrate oxidations (FATox and CHOox), and energetic contributions (oxidative; W_Oxi, glycolytic; W_Gly, and phosphagen; W_PCr) were calculated. The percentages of HR_max, relative (Formula presented.) O_2mean, (Formula presented.) CO_2mean, and METs in (Formula presented.) O_2mean were all lower in A than they were in GP. FATox values were lower in GP than in A, while CHOox and La⁻ were higher in GP than in A. Negative correlations between La⁻ and FATox were also observed in both groups. Contributions of W_Oxi, W_Gly, and W_PCr were higher in GP than in A during GIET. Moreover, values of W_Gly, and W_PCr were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in male GP than in female GP. Furthermore, S at specific La⁻ were higher in A than in GP. It is suggested that an individualized low-intensity recovery exercise program be established, to achieve increased metabolic flexibility and oxidative capacity (aerobic base), such as public health improvements and a greater volume of higher exercise intensities; this is the type of exercise that elite athletes worldwide mostly perform during their training period and progression. This may prevent cardiac/metabolic diseases in GP.

Original language	English
Article number	965
Journal	Metabolites
Volume	12
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100965
Publication status	Published - 2022 Oct

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.

Keywords

aerobic performance
fat oxidation
health
lactate
mitochondrial function
oxidative capacity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/metabo12100965

Cite this

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title = "Energetic Contributions Including Gender Differences and Metabolic Flexibility in the General Population and Athletes",

abstract = "Metabolic flexibility includes the ability to perform fat and carbohydrate oxidation, as well as oxidative capacity, which is associated with mitochondrial function, energetic contributions, and physical health and performance. During a session of graded incremental exercise testing (GIET), we investigated metabolic flexibility, the contributions of three energy systems, and performances of individuals with different metabolic characteristics. Fifteen general population (GP; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) and 15 national-level half-marathon and triathlon athletes (A; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) participated in this study. During GIET, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O2mean and (Formula presented.) CO2mean), metabolic equivalents (METs) in (Formula presented.) O2mean, and blood glucose and lactate concentrations (La−) were measured. Furthermore, jogging/running speeds (S) at specific La−, fat and carbohydrate oxidations (FATox and CHOox), and energetic contributions (oxidative; WOxi, glycolytic; WGly, and phosphagen; WPCr) were calculated. The percentages of HRmax, relative (Formula presented.) O2mean, (Formula presented.) CO2mean, and METs in (Formula presented.) O2mean were all lower in A than they were in GP. FATox values were lower in GP than in A, while CHOox and La− were higher in GP than in A. Negative correlations between La− and FATox were also observed in both groups. Contributions of WOxi, WGly, and WPCr were higher in GP than in A during GIET. Moreover, values of WGly, and WPCr were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in male GP than in female GP. Furthermore, S at specific La− were higher in A than in GP. It is suggested that an individualized low-intensity recovery exercise program be established, to achieve increased metabolic flexibility and oxidative capacity (aerobic base), such as public health improvements and a greater volume of higher exercise intensities; this is the type of exercise that elite athletes worldwide mostly perform during their training period and progression. This may prevent cardiac/metabolic diseases in GP.",

keywords = "aerobic performance, fat oxidation, health, lactate, mitochondrial function, oxidative capacity",

author = "Yang, {Woo Hwi} and Park, {Jeong Hyun} and Park, {So Young} and Yongdoo Park",

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doi = "10.3390/metabo12100965",

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AU - Yang, Woo Hwi

AU - Park, Jeong Hyun

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AU - Park, Yongdoo

PY - 2022/10

Y1 - 2022/10

N2 - Metabolic flexibility includes the ability to perform fat and carbohydrate oxidation, as well as oxidative capacity, which is associated with mitochondrial function, energetic contributions, and physical health and performance. During a session of graded incremental exercise testing (GIET), we investigated metabolic flexibility, the contributions of three energy systems, and performances of individuals with different metabolic characteristics. Fifteen general population (GP; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) and 15 national-level half-marathon and triathlon athletes (A; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) participated in this study. During GIET, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O2mean and (Formula presented.) CO2mean), metabolic equivalents (METs) in (Formula presented.) O2mean, and blood glucose and lactate concentrations (La−) were measured. Furthermore, jogging/running speeds (S) at specific La−, fat and carbohydrate oxidations (FATox and CHOox), and energetic contributions (oxidative; WOxi, glycolytic; WGly, and phosphagen; WPCr) were calculated. The percentages of HRmax, relative (Formula presented.) O2mean, (Formula presented.) CO2mean, and METs in (Formula presented.) O2mean were all lower in A than they were in GP. FATox values were lower in GP than in A, while CHOox and La− were higher in GP than in A. Negative correlations between La− and FATox were also observed in both groups. Contributions of WOxi, WGly, and WPCr were higher in GP than in A during GIET. Moreover, values of WGly, and WPCr were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in male GP than in female GP. Furthermore, S at specific La− were higher in A than in GP. It is suggested that an individualized low-intensity recovery exercise program be established, to achieve increased metabolic flexibility and oxidative capacity (aerobic base), such as public health improvements and a greater volume of higher exercise intensities; this is the type of exercise that elite athletes worldwide mostly perform during their training period and progression. This may prevent cardiac/metabolic diseases in GP.

AB - Metabolic flexibility includes the ability to perform fat and carbohydrate oxidation, as well as oxidative capacity, which is associated with mitochondrial function, energetic contributions, and physical health and performance. During a session of graded incremental exercise testing (GIET), we investigated metabolic flexibility, the contributions of three energy systems, and performances of individuals with different metabolic characteristics. Fifteen general population (GP; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) and 15 national-level half-marathon and triathlon athletes (A; n = 15, male n = 7, female n = 8) participated in this study. During GIET, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O2mean and (Formula presented.) CO2mean), metabolic equivalents (METs) in (Formula presented.) O2mean, and blood glucose and lactate concentrations (La−) were measured. Furthermore, jogging/running speeds (S) at specific La−, fat and carbohydrate oxidations (FATox and CHOox), and energetic contributions (oxidative; WOxi, glycolytic; WGly, and phosphagen; WPCr) were calculated. The percentages of HRmax, relative (Formula presented.) O2mean, (Formula presented.) CO2mean, and METs in (Formula presented.) O2mean were all lower in A than they were in GP. FATox values were lower in GP than in A, while CHOox and La− were higher in GP than in A. Negative correlations between La− and FATox were also observed in both groups. Contributions of WOxi, WGly, and WPCr were higher in GP than in A during GIET. Moreover, values of WGly, and WPCr were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in male GP than in female GP. Furthermore, S at specific La− were higher in A than in GP. It is suggested that an individualized low-intensity recovery exercise program be established, to achieve increased metabolic flexibility and oxidative capacity (aerobic base), such as public health improvements and a greater volume of higher exercise intensities; this is the type of exercise that elite athletes worldwide mostly perform during their training period and progression. This may prevent cardiac/metabolic diseases in GP.

KW - aerobic performance

KW - fat oxidation

KW - health

KW - lactate

KW - mitochondrial function

KW - oxidative capacity

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DO - 10.3390/metabo12100965

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85140587768

SN - 2218-1989

VL - 12

JO - Metabolites

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IS - 10

M1 - 965

ER -

Energetic Contributions Including Gender Differences and Metabolic Flexibility in the General Population and Athletes

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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