Energy and dose dependence of proton-irradiation damage in graphene

Gwangseok Yang, Byung Jae Kim, Kyeounghak Kim, Jeong Woo Han, Jihyun Kim

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    26 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Monolayer graphenes were irradiated with 5-15 MeV high-energy protons at various doses from 1 × 1016 to 3 × 1016 cm-2, and their characteristics were systematically investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As the energy and dose of the proton irradiation increased, the defects induced in the graphene layers also increased gradually. The average defect distances of 10 MeV proton-irradiated graphene decreased to 29 ± 5 nm at a dose of 3 × 1016 cm-2. The defect formation energies for various types of defects were compared by using density functional theory calculation. After proton irradiation, the results of micro-Raman scattering and XPS indicated p-doping effects due to adsorption of environmental molecules on the damaged graphene. Our results show a direct relationship between the defect formation of the graphene layers and the energy/dose of the proton irradiation.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)31861-31865
    Number of pages5
    JournalRSC Advances
    Volume5
    Issue number40
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2015

    Bibliographical note

    Publisher Copyright:
    © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • General Chemistry
    • General Chemical Engineering

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