Engineering pyrolysis biochar via single-step microwave steam activation for hazardous landfill leachate treatment

Su Shiung Lam; Peter Nai Yuh Yek; Yong Sik Ok; Chi Cheng Chong; Rock Keey Liew; Daniel C.W. Tsang; Young Kwon Park; Zhenling Liu; Chee Swee Wong; Wanxi Peng

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121649

Engineering pyrolysis biochar via single-step microwave steam activation for hazardous landfill leachate treatment

Su Shiung Lam, Peter Nai Yuh Yek, Yong Sik Ok, Chi Cheng Chong, Rock Keey Liew, Daniel C.W. Tsang, Young Kwon Park, Zhenling Liu, Chee Swee Wong, Wanxi Peng

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

155 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of biochar production is crucial to meet increased global market demand. Here, we developed a single-step microwave steam activation (STMSA) as a simplified yet efficient method to produce microwave activated biochar (MAB) from waste palm shell (WPS). The STMSA recorded a higher heating rate (70 °C/min) and higher conversion (45 wt%) of WPS into highly microporous MAB (micropore surface area of 679.22 m²/g) in contrast with the conventional heating approach (≤ 12−17 wt%). The MAB was then applied as biosorbent for hazardous landfill leachate (LL) treatment and the adsorption performance was compared with commercial activated carbon under different pH, adsorbent quantity, adsorbate concentrations, and contact times. The MAB demonstrated high adsorption capacity, achieving maximum adsorption efficiency at 595 mg/g and 65 % removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with 0.4 g/L of adsorbent amount under optimal acidic conditions (pH ≈ 2–3) after 24 h of contact time. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models were well-fitted to explain the equilibrium adsorption and kinetics. The results indicate the viability of STMSA as a fast and efficient approach to produce activated biochar as a biosorbent for the treatment of hazardous landfill leachate.

Original language	English
Article number	121649
Journal	Journal of hazardous materials
Volume	390
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121649
Publication status	Published - 2020 May 15

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the technical support provided by University College of Technology Sarawak (Malaysia), Henan Agricultural University (China), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia), and Henan University of Technology (China). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot 59482 , Vot 59512 ), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Golden Goose Research Grant Scheme (Vot 55191 ), and the University College of Technology Sarawak for the conduct the research under the University Grant Scheme (Project No. UCTS / RESEARCH / (01)).

Funding Information:
The authors thank the technical support provided by University College of Technology Sarawak (Malaysia), Henan Agricultural University (China), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia), and Henan University of Technology (China). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot 59482, Vot 59512), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Golden Goose Research Grant Scheme (Vot 55191), and the University College of Technology Sarawak for the conduct the research under the University Grant Scheme (Project No. UCTS / RESEARCH / < 4 / 2018 / 12 > (01)).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Biochar
Leachate
Microwave
Pyrolysis
Steam activation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
Waste Management and Disposal
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121649

Cite this

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title = "Engineering pyrolysis biochar via single-step microwave steam activation for hazardous landfill leachate treatment",

abstract = "Improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of biochar production is crucial to meet increased global market demand. Here, we developed a single-step microwave steam activation (STMSA) as a simplified yet efficient method to produce microwave activated biochar (MAB) from waste palm shell (WPS). The STMSA recorded a higher heating rate (70 °C/min) and higher conversion (45 wt%) of WPS into highly microporous MAB (micropore surface area of 679.22 m2/g) in contrast with the conventional heating approach (≤ 12−17 wt%). The MAB was then applied as biosorbent for hazardous landfill leachate (LL) treatment and the adsorption performance was compared with commercial activated carbon under different pH, adsorbent quantity, adsorbate concentrations, and contact times. The MAB demonstrated high adsorption capacity, achieving maximum adsorption efficiency at 595 mg/g and 65 % removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with 0.4 g/L of adsorbent amount under optimal acidic conditions (pH ≈ 2–3) after 24 h of contact time. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models were well-fitted to explain the equilibrium adsorption and kinetics. The results indicate the viability of STMSA as a fast and efficient approach to produce activated biochar as a biosorbent for the treatment of hazardous landfill leachate.",

keywords = "Biochar, Leachate, Microwave, Pyrolysis, Steam activation",

author = "Lam, {Su Shiung} and Yek, {Peter Nai Yuh} and Ok, {Yong Sik} and Chong, {Chi Cheng} and Liew, {Rock Keey} and Tsang, {Daniel C.W.} and Park, {Young Kwon} and Zhenling Liu and Wong, {Chee Swee} and Wanxi Peng",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the technical support provided by University College of Technology Sarawak (Malaysia), Henan Agricultural University (China), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia), and Henan University of Technology (China). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot 59482 , Vot 59512 ), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Golden Goose Research Grant Scheme (Vot 55191 ), and the University College of Technology Sarawak for the conduct the research under the University Grant Scheme (Project No. UCTS / RESEARCH / (01)). Funding Information: The authors thank the technical support provided by University College of Technology Sarawak (Malaysia), Henan Agricultural University (China), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia), and Henan University of Technology (China). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot 59482, Vot 59512), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Golden Goose Research Grant Scheme (Vot 55191), and the University College of Technology Sarawak for the conduct the research under the University Grant Scheme (Project No. UCTS / RESEARCH / < 4 / 2018 / 12 > (01)). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",

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AU - Lam, Su Shiung

AU - Yek, Peter Nai Yuh

AU - Ok, Yong Sik

AU - Chong, Chi Cheng

AU - Liew, Rock Keey

AU - Tsang, Daniel C.W.

AU - Park, Young Kwon

AU - Liu, Zhenling

AU - Wong, Chee Swee

AU - Peng, Wanxi

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the technical support provided by University College of Technology Sarawak (Malaysia), Henan Agricultural University (China), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia), and Henan University of Technology (China). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot 59482 , Vot 59512 ), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Golden Goose Research Grant Scheme (Vot 55191 ), and the University College of Technology Sarawak for the conduct the research under the University Grant Scheme (Project No. UCTS / RESEARCH / (01)). Funding Information: The authors thank the technical support provided by University College of Technology Sarawak (Malaysia), Henan Agricultural University (China), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (Malaysia), and Henan University of Technology (China). The authors acknowledge the financial support by the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the financial support under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Vot 59482, Vot 59512), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Golden Goose Research Grant Scheme (Vot 55191), and the University College of Technology Sarawak for the conduct the research under the University Grant Scheme (Project No. UCTS / RESEARCH / < 4 / 2018 / 12 > (01)). Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

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N2 - Improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of biochar production is crucial to meet increased global market demand. Here, we developed a single-step microwave steam activation (STMSA) as a simplified yet efficient method to produce microwave activated biochar (MAB) from waste palm shell (WPS). The STMSA recorded a higher heating rate (70 °C/min) and higher conversion (45 wt%) of WPS into highly microporous MAB (micropore surface area of 679.22 m2/g) in contrast with the conventional heating approach (≤ 12−17 wt%). The MAB was then applied as biosorbent for hazardous landfill leachate (LL) treatment and the adsorption performance was compared with commercial activated carbon under different pH, adsorbent quantity, adsorbate concentrations, and contact times. The MAB demonstrated high adsorption capacity, achieving maximum adsorption efficiency at 595 mg/g and 65 % removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with 0.4 g/L of adsorbent amount under optimal acidic conditions (pH ≈ 2–3) after 24 h of contact time. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models were well-fitted to explain the equilibrium adsorption and kinetics. The results indicate the viability of STMSA as a fast and efficient approach to produce activated biochar as a biosorbent for the treatment of hazardous landfill leachate.

AB - Improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of biochar production is crucial to meet increased global market demand. Here, we developed a single-step microwave steam activation (STMSA) as a simplified yet efficient method to produce microwave activated biochar (MAB) from waste palm shell (WPS). The STMSA recorded a higher heating rate (70 °C/min) and higher conversion (45 wt%) of WPS into highly microporous MAB (micropore surface area of 679.22 m2/g) in contrast with the conventional heating approach (≤ 12−17 wt%). The MAB was then applied as biosorbent for hazardous landfill leachate (LL) treatment and the adsorption performance was compared with commercial activated carbon under different pH, adsorbent quantity, adsorbate concentrations, and contact times. The MAB demonstrated high adsorption capacity, achieving maximum adsorption efficiency at 595 mg/g and 65 % removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) with 0.4 g/L of adsorbent amount under optimal acidic conditions (pH ≈ 2–3) after 24 h of contact time. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models were well-fitted to explain the equilibrium adsorption and kinetics. The results indicate the viability of STMSA as a fast and efficient approach to produce activated biochar as a biosorbent for the treatment of hazardous landfill leachate.

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KW - Leachate

KW - Microwave

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KW - Steam activation

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Engineering pyrolysis biochar via single-step microwave steam activation for hazardous landfill leachate treatment

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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