@article{d6421fc67de441b898aa1b10e52dc6af,
title = "Enhanced in-vitro hemozoin polymerization by optimized process using histidine-rich protein II (HRPII)",
abstract = "Conductive biopolymers, an important class of functional materials, have received attention in various fields because of their unique electrical, optical, and physical properties. In this study, the polymerization of heme into hemozoin was carried out in an in vitro system by the newly developed heme polymerase (histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-II)). The HRP-II was produced by recombinant E. coli BL21 from the Plasmodium falciparum gene. To improve the hemozoin production, the reaction conditions on the polymerization were investigated and the maximum production was achieved after about 790 μM at 34 °C with 200 rpm for 24 h. As a result, the production was improved about two-fold according to the stepwise optimization in an in vitro system. The produced hemozoin was qualitatively analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, it was confirmed that the enzymatically polymerized hemozoin had similar physical properties to chemically synthesized hemozoin. These results could represent a significant potential for nano-biotechnology applications, and also provide guidance in research related to hemozoin utilization.",
keywords = "Biopolymers, HRP-II, Heme, Hemozoin, Polymerase",
author = "Lee, {Ju Hun} and Kim, {Hyeong Ryeol} and Lee, {Ja Hyun} and Lee, {Soo Kweon} and Youngsang Chun and Han, {Sung Ok} and Yoo, {Hah Young} and Chulhwan Park and Kim, {Seung Wook}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030996); the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2019R1A2C1006793); and the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10051513) funded by theMinistry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MI, Korea), and Kwangwoon University (2019). Funding Information: Figure 6. Summary of the polymerization yield under the determined conditions. (A: 5.5 µg/mL Figure 6. Summary of the◦ polymerization yield under the determin◦ed conditions. (A: 5.5 μg/mL HRP-II, 180 r◦pm, 18 h, 37 °C; B: 5.5 μg/mL HRP-II, 200 r◦pm, 18 h, 37 °C; C: 5.5 μg/mL HRP-II, 200 rpm, 24 h, 37 °C; D: 5.5 μg/mL HRP-II, 200 rpm, 24 h, 34 °C). 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions Hemozoin, polymerized from the heme, has shown a great potential as a new nano-biomaterial in theneHarefmutouzroei,na,s pitohlyamsaersiizmeidla frrsotmru cthtuer heetompeo, rhpahsy srhino,wunse ad ginrecaotn pdoutectnivtiealm aast aerniaelws. nTahneoc-obniodmucattiveritiyal oifn htheme enewarasfupturerefe, raesntiitalhlyaseas tismimaitleadr satsru4c.t0ur×e t1o0 −p3orµpSh/ycmrin,b yustewdoi-npocionntdpurcotibvee mmeaatesruiraelsm. eTnhte. Tchoendpuroctdivuicttyio nofanhdempeu rwifiacsa tipornefoefreHnRtiaPl-lIyI wesetriemcaaterdri edasou4.t0 an×d1f0in−3alμlyS/pcmur ifbieyd ttwoo2-.p5o-fionltd pwroitbhe amreecaosuvreermy eynietl.dThoef p79ro.1d%u,cutisoinn ganNdip–NurTifAicaatfifoinni toyf HcoRluPm-IIn wcherreomcaarrtoiegdraopuhtya.nTdhfienpalolylypmuerrifizieadtitoon2o.5f-hfeomldo zwoiinthusainrgecHoRvePr-yII wyiaelsdp eorffo7rm9.1e%d ,u nudsienrgeaNchi–NcoTnAditiaofnfi,naitnyd ctohleumquna licthartiovme aatnoaglryaspishyo.f tThhee pproodlyumceedrihzaemtioonz ooifn hwemasoczoonifnir umseindgb Hy FRTPI-RII, EwDaSs ,paenrdfoSrEmMed. T uhnedseerq ueaacnhti tcaotnivdeitainoanl,yasnesdc tohnef iqrumaelditathtiavte tahneamlyastiesrioafl pthoelypmroerdiuzecdedbyheHmRoPz-oIIinwwasassi mcoilnafrirtmo ethde bcyheFmTiIcRa,l lyEDidSe,natinfdie dSEhMem. oTzhoeisne. Tqhueanintitvaittirvoe caonnavleyrsseiso cnoonffihrmemedo zthoaint thhaes mnaottebrieael npostlyumdieerdiz, ethde bryef HorRe,Pt-hIIe wreaas cstiimonilacro tnodtihtieo nchseomnicthalelyhiedmenotziofiiend phoelmymozeoriizna. tiTohnew ienrevfiutrnodacmonevnetarslliyoninvoef sthiegmatoedzotionimhapsr onvoet thbeeepnrosdtuucdtiieodn, ptrhoecreesfso.rTe,h ethmearxeimacutimon pcroondduictitoionns woansathbeo uhtetwmoo-zfooilnd ipmoplyromveerdiz(a7t9io0nµMw)ebreytfhuendstaempwenistaelolyp tiinmviezsattiigoante(3d4t◦oC,i2m0p0rropvme ftohre 2p4rho)d.uTcotioounr perxopceersise.n cTeh,et hmisaixsitmheumfirspt rroedseuacrtcihonw whearse tahbeouint vtiwtroo-fpooldlymimerpirzoavtieodn (o7f9h0e mμMoz)obinyhtahse bseteenpwinivsee sotipgtaimtedizautniodne r(3v4ar°iCo,u 2s0c0o rnpdmitiofonrs 2. 4Thhe).r eTfoo roeu,rt heixspreersieeanrcceh, cthoiusl dis pthroevfiidrset uresseefualrcinhfworhmeareti othne fionr voitthreorpinoqlyumireiersizraetliaotnedoftohehmemozoozioni nhaasp pbleiecnatiinovnes.stigated under various conditions. Therefore, this research could provide useful information for other inquiries related to hemozoin applications. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.W.K.; Data curation, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee); Formal analysis, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee) and H.R.K.; Funding acquisition, S.O.H. and C.P.; Methodology, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee) and J.H.L. (Ja Hyun Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.W.K.; Data curation, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee); Formal analysis, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee) and H.R.K.; Funding acquisition, S.O.H. and C.P.; Methodology, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee) and J.H.L. (Ja Hyun Lee); Project administration, S.W.K.; Software, S.K.L.; Supervision, H.Y.Y., C.P. and S.W.K.; Validation, Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Y.C., H.Y.Y. and C.P.; Writing – original draft, J.H.L. (Ju Hun Lee); Writing – review & editing, H.Y.Y. and S.W.K. the Korean Government (NRF-2019R1A2C1006793); and the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10051513) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MI, Korea), and Kwangwoon University (2019). funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030996); the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2019R1A2C1006793); and the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10051513) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MI, RKeofreerae)n, acneds Kwangwoon University (2019). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the authors.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/polym11071162",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
journal = "Polymers",
issn = "2073-4360",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "7",
}