Abstract
In the present study, the migration of plasticizers from modeled and commercial polyvinyl chloride (mPVC and cPVC, respectively) to poly(dimethylsiloxane) via artificial sebum was assessed to mimic the dermal migration of plasticizers. In addition, the various factors affecting migration of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from diverse PVC products were investigated. The migrated mass and migration ratio of PAEs increased but the migration rate decreased over time. The migration rate increased with sebum mass, contact time, and temperature but decreased under higher pressure. Low-molecular-weight PAEs (dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate) migrated in higher amounts than high-molecular-weight PAEs (dicyclohexyl phthalate [DCHP] and diisononyl phthalate [DINP]). Diffusion of all PAEs in mPVC increased with temperature, with diffusion coefficients ranging from 10−13 to 10−15, 10−12 to 10−14, and 10−10 to 10−12 cm2·s−1 at 25 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C, respectively; the enthalpy of activation ranged between 127 and 194 kJ·mol−1. Moreover, migration depended on total PAE content of the product, as the diffusion coefficient for DINP in cPVC (softer PVC) was approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that for DINP in mPVC (harder PVC); this may be due to the increase in free volume with increasing plasticizer content. Finally, the daily exposure doses of the plasticizers were estimated. These findings will be helpful for estimating dermal exposure risk.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 162412 |
Journal | Science of the Total Environment |
Volume | 874 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2023 May 20 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through the Technology Development Project for Safety Management of Household Chemical Products Program, funded by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (nos. 2020002970001 and 1485017105 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
Keywords
- Artificial sebum
- Diffusion coefficient
- PDMS
- PVC products
- Phthalates
- Plasticizer migration
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Chemistry
- Waste Management and Disposal
- Pollution