Estimation of deep-reservoir temperature of CO2-rich springs in Kangwon district, South Korea

Hyeon Su Choi; Yong Kwon Koh; Dae Seok Bae; Seong Sook Park; Ian Hutcheon; Seong Taek Yun

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.001

Estimation of deep-reservoir temperature of CO₂-rich springs in Kangwon district, South Korea

Hyeon Su Choi, Yong Kwon Koh, Dae Seok Bae, Seong Sook Park, Ian Hutcheon, Seong Taek Yun

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

32 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Weakly acid to neutral CO₂-rich springs (pH=5.5 to 6.7) with high concentrations of dissolved ions (TDS=419 to 3091 mg/L) and bicarbonate (249 to 2470 mg/L) occur in Kangwon district, South Korea. They are grouped into three chemical types: Na-HCO₃, Ca-Na-HCO₃, and Ca-HCO₃. The Na-HCO₃ type waters correspond to mature or partially equilibrated waters, while the other two types show the hydrochemical characteristics of immature waters. In this study, we examined the applicability of chemical geothermometers and multiple mineral equilibrium approach to estimate potential deep-reservoir temperatures. The application of silica, Na-K, and Na-K-Ca thermometers to a representative Na-HCO₃ type water yielded a reasonable temperature estimate (115-157 °C) for a deep geothermal reservoir. The multiple mineral equilibrium approach yielded a similar temperature estimate (about 140-160 °C). On the other hand, the Ca-HCO₃ type waters showed a relatively low and wide range of temperature estimates (about 60-130 °C), which suggests that their disequilibrium state is possibly due to surface water mixing. We believe that deep-reservoir temperatures of CO₂-rich groundwaters in Kangwon district can be estimated from the chemistry of Na-HCO₃ type waters and possibly approach 140-160 °C.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	77-89
Number of pages	13
Journal	Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
Volume	141
Issue number	1-2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.001
Publication status	Published - 2005 Mar 1

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab (EGRL) of Korea University through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). Partial support was given by the Nuclear R&D Program of the Ministry of Science Technology, Korea. Hutcheon received support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We acknowledge Drs. J.C. Cerón, H. Ármannsson, and B.D. Marsh (journal editor) for their thoughtful suggestions and comments to greatly improve the manuscript.

Keywords

CO-rich springs
Geothermometers
Kangwon district
Korea
Mineral equilibrium
Reservoir temperature

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geophysics
Geochemistry and Petrology

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.10.001

Cite this

@article{483b08ab698a44908c939559e408d201,

title = "Estimation of deep-reservoir temperature of CO2-rich springs in Kangwon district, South Korea",

abstract = "Weakly acid to neutral CO2-rich springs (pH=5.5 to 6.7) with high concentrations of dissolved ions (TDS=419 to 3091 mg/L) and bicarbonate (249 to 2470 mg/L) occur in Kangwon district, South Korea. They are grouped into three chemical types: Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, and Ca-HCO3. The Na-HCO3 type waters correspond to mature or partially equilibrated waters, while the other two types show the hydrochemical characteristics of immature waters. In this study, we examined the applicability of chemical geothermometers and multiple mineral equilibrium approach to estimate potential deep-reservoir temperatures. The application of silica, Na-K, and Na-K-Ca thermometers to a representative Na-HCO3 type water yielded a reasonable temperature estimate (115-157 °C) for a deep geothermal reservoir. The multiple mineral equilibrium approach yielded a similar temperature estimate (about 140-160 °C). On the other hand, the Ca-HCO3 type waters showed a relatively low and wide range of temperature estimates (about 60-130 °C), which suggests that their disequilibrium state is possibly due to surface water mixing. We believe that deep-reservoir temperatures of CO2-rich groundwaters in Kangwon district can be estimated from the chemistry of Na-HCO3 type waters and possibly approach 140-160 °C.",

keywords = "CO-rich springs, Geothermometers, Kangwon district, Korea, Mineral equilibrium, Reservoir temperature",

author = "Choi, {Hyeon Su} and Koh, {Yong Kwon} and Bae, {Dae Seok} and Park, {Seong Sook} and Ian Hutcheon and Yun, {Seong Taek}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab (EGRL) of Korea University through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). Partial support was given by the Nuclear R&D Program of the Ministry of Science Technology, Korea. Hutcheon received support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We acknowledge Drs. J.C. Cer{\'o}n, H. {\'A}rmannsson, and B.D. Marsh (journal editor) for their thoughtful suggestions and comments to greatly improve the manuscript. ",

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T1 - Estimation of deep-reservoir temperature of CO2-rich springs in Kangwon district, South Korea

AU - Choi, Hyeon Su

AU - Koh, Yong Kwon

AU - Bae, Dae Seok

AU - Park, Seong Sook

AU - Hutcheon, Ian

AU - Yun, Seong Taek

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab (EGRL) of Korea University through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). Partial support was given by the Nuclear R&D Program of the Ministry of Science Technology, Korea. Hutcheon received support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. We acknowledge Drs. J.C. Cerón, H. Ármannsson, and B.D. Marsh (journal editor) for their thoughtful suggestions and comments to greatly improve the manuscript.

PY - 2005/3/1

Y1 - 2005/3/1

N2 - Weakly acid to neutral CO2-rich springs (pH=5.5 to 6.7) with high concentrations of dissolved ions (TDS=419 to 3091 mg/L) and bicarbonate (249 to 2470 mg/L) occur in Kangwon district, South Korea. They are grouped into three chemical types: Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, and Ca-HCO3. The Na-HCO3 type waters correspond to mature or partially equilibrated waters, while the other two types show the hydrochemical characteristics of immature waters. In this study, we examined the applicability of chemical geothermometers and multiple mineral equilibrium approach to estimate potential deep-reservoir temperatures. The application of silica, Na-K, and Na-K-Ca thermometers to a representative Na-HCO3 type water yielded a reasonable temperature estimate (115-157 °C) for a deep geothermal reservoir. The multiple mineral equilibrium approach yielded a similar temperature estimate (about 140-160 °C). On the other hand, the Ca-HCO3 type waters showed a relatively low and wide range of temperature estimates (about 60-130 °C), which suggests that their disequilibrium state is possibly due to surface water mixing. We believe that deep-reservoir temperatures of CO2-rich groundwaters in Kangwon district can be estimated from the chemistry of Na-HCO3 type waters and possibly approach 140-160 °C.

AB - Weakly acid to neutral CO2-rich springs (pH=5.5 to 6.7) with high concentrations of dissolved ions (TDS=419 to 3091 mg/L) and bicarbonate (249 to 2470 mg/L) occur in Kangwon district, South Korea. They are grouped into three chemical types: Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, and Ca-HCO3. The Na-HCO3 type waters correspond to mature or partially equilibrated waters, while the other two types show the hydrochemical characteristics of immature waters. In this study, we examined the applicability of chemical geothermometers and multiple mineral equilibrium approach to estimate potential deep-reservoir temperatures. The application of silica, Na-K, and Na-K-Ca thermometers to a representative Na-HCO3 type water yielded a reasonable temperature estimate (115-157 °C) for a deep geothermal reservoir. The multiple mineral equilibrium approach yielded a similar temperature estimate (about 140-160 °C). On the other hand, the Ca-HCO3 type waters showed a relatively low and wide range of temperature estimates (about 60-130 °C), which suggests that their disequilibrium state is possibly due to surface water mixing. We believe that deep-reservoir temperatures of CO2-rich groundwaters in Kangwon district can be estimated from the chemistry of Na-HCO3 type waters and possibly approach 140-160 °C.

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KW - Geothermometers

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KW - Korea

KW - Mineral equilibrium

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