Abstract
Eco-friendly pollutant treatment technology has a developing tendency in future. The combination of ultrasound (US) and electrochemical (EC) is a promising technology, because they are efficient, clean and environmentally friendly. In this study, the impacts of anode material have been investigated in US (300 kHz) and EC (10V) system. The results of all systems revealed that the kinetic constant decreased with increasing pH. The results are also shown that ΔG# > 0 and ΔH# > 0 during PCP degradation in EC or US-EC systems are non-spontaneous and endothermic reactions. Meanwhile, in the US-EC system, TiO2, Ti4O7, PbO2, SnSb, RuIr, and BDD, except for TiO2, all the anode materials showed a synergistic index (SI) of 106–197%, and the activation energies were 19.32, 33.4, 33.74, 32.84, 10.41, 36.44 kJ mol−1, respectively. In EC and US-EC systems, PCP can be completely mineralized by BDD anode within 30 min. TBA scavenger experiments verified that hydroxyl radicals were the main oxidant in each system using BDD and PbO2 anode. As a result of estimating the cost according to the anode material when removing PCP using the EC or US-EC system, BDD was the smallest in the two systems, 1.58 and 1.12 $ m−3, respectively. Finally, this study may serve as a reference for implementation of US-EC system in wastewater treatment.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 135547 |
Journal | Chemosphere |
Volume | 306 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2022 Nov |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (No. 2019R1A2C2087439 ) and the Korean Ministry of the Environment Subsurface Environment Management (SEM) project (No. 2019002480001 and 2021002170003 ) and Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science project (No. BZ2021026 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Anode material
- Electrochemical
- Groundwater
- Pentachlorophenol
- Selection
- Ultrasound
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Chemistry
- General Chemistry
- Pollution
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis