TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products with emphasis on anthelmintics in human sanitary waste, sewage, hospital wastewater, livestock wastewater and receiving water
AU - Sim, Won Jin
AU - Kim, Hee Young
AU - Choi, Sung Deuk
AU - Kwon, Jung Hwan
AU - Oh, Jeong Eun
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Sung-Hwa Yoon for providing metabolites of FBZ. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (No. 2009-0074454 & No. 2010-0006942 ).
PY - 2013/3/5
Y1 - 2013/3/5
N2 - We investigated 33 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) with emphasis on anthelmintics and their metabolites in human sanitary waste treatment plants (HTPs), sewage treatment plants (STPs), hospital wastewater treatment plants (HWTPs), livestock wastewater treatment plants (LWTPs), river water and seawater. PPCPs showed the characteristic specific occurrence patterns according to wastewater sources. The LWTPs and HTPs showed higher levels (maximum 3000 times in influents) of anthelmintics than other wastewater treatment plants, indicating that livestock wastewater and human sanitary waste are one of principal sources of anthelmintics. Among anthelmintics, fenbendazole and its metabolites are relatively high in the LWTPs, while human anthelmintics such as albendazole and flubendazole are most dominant in the HTPs, STPs and HWTPs. The occurrence pattern of fenbendazole's metabolites in water was different from pharmacokinetics studies, showing the possibility of transformation mechanism other than the metabolism in animal bodies by some processes unknown to us. The river water and seawater are generally affected by the point sources, but the distribution patterns in some receiving water are slightly different from the effluent, indicating the influence of non-point sources.
AB - We investigated 33 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) with emphasis on anthelmintics and their metabolites in human sanitary waste treatment plants (HTPs), sewage treatment plants (STPs), hospital wastewater treatment plants (HWTPs), livestock wastewater treatment plants (LWTPs), river water and seawater. PPCPs showed the characteristic specific occurrence patterns according to wastewater sources. The LWTPs and HTPs showed higher levels (maximum 3000 times in influents) of anthelmintics than other wastewater treatment plants, indicating that livestock wastewater and human sanitary waste are one of principal sources of anthelmintics. Among anthelmintics, fenbendazole and its metabolites are relatively high in the LWTPs, while human anthelmintics such as albendazole and flubendazole are most dominant in the HTPs, STPs and HWTPs. The occurrence pattern of fenbendazole's metabolites in water was different from pharmacokinetics studies, showing the possibility of transformation mechanism other than the metabolism in animal bodies by some processes unknown to us. The river water and seawater are generally affected by the point sources, but the distribution patterns in some receiving water are slightly different from the effluent, indicating the influence of non-point sources.
KW - Anthelmintics
KW - Human sanitary waste
KW - Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
KW - Receiving water
KW - Wastewater
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84873831020&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 23357510
AN - SCOPUS:84873831020
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 248-249
SP - 219
EP - 227
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
IS - 1
ER -