Exploring the recent developments in membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer for the conversion of CO₂ to CO

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction (eCO₂R) is a promising strategy for reducing atmospheric CO₂. Recent developments in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) have enabled exponential performance improvements by facilitating CO₂ supply and reducing energy losses with unique configurations. As CO is a platform chemical for high-energy-density fuels, its production by eCO₂R MEA has been intensively studied. This review provides an overview of the recent studies on the development of MEA for CO production. Various catalysts and their modification strategies for achieving high CO production and selectivity in MEA have been introduced. Furthermore, the cell operating and extrinsic conditions of the electrodes, which can significantly affect CO production, are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges for advanced CO production MEA are presented.