TY - JOUR
T1 - Extrinsic ion migration in perovskite solar cells
AU - Li, Zhen
AU - Xiao, Chuanxiao
AU - Yang, Ye
AU - Harvey, Steven P.
AU - Kim, Dong Hoe
AU - Christians, Jeffrey A.
AU - Yang, Mengjin
AU - Schulz, Philip
AU - Nanayakkara, Sanjini U.
AU - Jiang, Chun Sheng
AU - Luther, Joseph M.
AU - Berry, Joseph J.
AU - Beard, Matthew C.
AU - Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.
AU - Zhu, Kai
N1 - Funding Information:
The work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. We acknowledge the support by the hybrid perovskite solar cell program of the National Center for Photovoltaics funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO). We thank Alan Sellinger for helpful discussions and providing materials. DK acknowledges the support from the DOE SunShot Initiative under the Next Generation Photovoltaics 3 program (DE-FOA-0000990). YY and MCB acknowledge the support from the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE). JAC was supported by the DOE/EERE Postdoctoral Research Award under the EERE/SETO administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) for the DOE under DOE contract number DE-SC00014664. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DOE, ORAU, or ORISE. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - The migration of intrinsic ions (e.g., MA+, Pb2+, I-) in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites has received significant attention with respect to the critical roles of these ions in the hysteresis and degradation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrate that extrinsic ions (e.g., Li+, H+, Na+), when used in the contact layers in PSCs, can migrate across the perovskite layer and strongly impact PSC operation. In a TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD-based PSC, Li+-ion migration from spiro-OMeTAD to the perovskite and TiO2 layer is illustrated by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. The movement of Li+ ions in PSCs plays an important role in modulating the solar cell performance, tuning TiO2 carrier-extraction properties, and affecting hysteresis in PSCs. The influence of Li+-ion migration was investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and external quantum efficiency spectra. Other extrinsic ions such as H+ and Na+ also show a clear impact on the performance and hysteresis in PSCs. Understanding the impacts of extrinsic ions in perovskite-based devices could lead to new material and device designs to further advance perovskite technology for various applications.
AB - The migration of intrinsic ions (e.g., MA+, Pb2+, I-) in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites has received significant attention with respect to the critical roles of these ions in the hysteresis and degradation in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrate that extrinsic ions (e.g., Li+, H+, Na+), when used in the contact layers in PSCs, can migrate across the perovskite layer and strongly impact PSC operation. In a TiO2/perovskite/spiro-OMeTAD-based PSC, Li+-ion migration from spiro-OMeTAD to the perovskite and TiO2 layer is illustrated by time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. The movement of Li+ ions in PSCs plays an important role in modulating the solar cell performance, tuning TiO2 carrier-extraction properties, and affecting hysteresis in PSCs. The influence of Li+-ion migration was investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and external quantum efficiency spectra. Other extrinsic ions such as H+ and Na+ also show a clear impact on the performance and hysteresis in PSCs. Understanding the impacts of extrinsic ions in perovskite-based devices could lead to new material and device designs to further advance perovskite technology for various applications.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85025065553&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c7ee00358g
DO - 10.1039/c7ee00358g
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85025065553
SN - 1754-5692
VL - 10
SP - 1234
EP - 1242
JO - Energy and Environmental Science
JF - Energy and Environmental Science
IS - 5
ER -
