TY - JOUR
T1 - Eyes-closed hybrid brain-computer interface employing frontal brain activation
AU - Shin, Jaeyoung
AU - Müller, Klaus Robert
AU - Hwang, Han Jeong
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2017-0-00451) and by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2017R1A6A3A01003543) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (No. 2017R1C1B5017909). This work was supported by a grant from Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (No. 2017-0-00451), and by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) (No.2017R1C1B5017909). Correspondence to KRM and HJH.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Shin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2018/5
Y1 - 2018/5
N2 - Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been studied extensively in order to establish a non-muscular communication channel mainly for patients with impaired motor functions. However, many limitations remain for BCIs in clinical use. In this study, we propose a hybrid BCI that is based on only frontal brain areas and can be operated in an eyes-closed state for end users with impaired motor and declining visual functions. In our experiment, electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were simultaneously measured while 12 participants performed mental arithmetic (MA) and remained relaxed (baseline state: BL). To evaluate the feasibility of the hybrid BCI, we classified MA- from BL-related brain activation. We then compared classification accuracies using two unimodal BCIs (EEG and NIRS) and the hybrid BCI in an offline mode. The classification accuracy of the hybrid BCI (83.9 ± 10.3%) was shown to be significantly higher than those of unimodal EEG-based (77.3 ± 15.9%) and NIRS-based BCI (75.9 ± 6.3%). The analytical results confirmed performance improvement with the hybrid BCI, particularly for only frontal brain areas. Our study shows that an eyes-closed hybrid BCI approach based on frontal areas could be applied to neurodegenerative patients who lost their motor functions, including oculomotor functions.
AB - Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been studied extensively in order to establish a non-muscular communication channel mainly for patients with impaired motor functions. However, many limitations remain for BCIs in clinical use. In this study, we propose a hybrid BCI that is based on only frontal brain areas and can be operated in an eyes-closed state for end users with impaired motor and declining visual functions. In our experiment, electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were simultaneously measured while 12 participants performed mental arithmetic (MA) and remained relaxed (baseline state: BL). To evaluate the feasibility of the hybrid BCI, we classified MA- from BL-related brain activation. We then compared classification accuracies using two unimodal BCIs (EEG and NIRS) and the hybrid BCI in an offline mode. The classification accuracy of the hybrid BCI (83.9 ± 10.3%) was shown to be significantly higher than those of unimodal EEG-based (77.3 ± 15.9%) and NIRS-based BCI (75.9 ± 6.3%). The analytical results confirmed performance improvement with the hybrid BCI, particularly for only frontal brain areas. Our study shows that an eyes-closed hybrid BCI approach based on frontal areas could be applied to neurodegenerative patients who lost their motor functions, including oculomotor functions.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85046664553&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0196359
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0196359
M3 - Article
C2 - 29734383
AN - SCOPUS:85046664553
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 13
JO - PloS one
JF - PloS one
IS - 5
M1 - e0196359
ER -