Facile and Low-Energy Consumption Synthesis of α-CsPbI₃ Perovskite Quantum Dots for Light-Emitting Diode Applications

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have emerged as promising materials for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their high-photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY), color purity, tunable bandgap, and cost-effective solution-processability. Among various perovskite compositions, cubic phase α-CsPbI₃ PQDs exhibit superior red-emitting properties for LEDs. However, their conventional synthesis via hot-injection methods poses challenges for mass production. In this study, we present an alternative, energy-efficient synthesis of α-CsPbI₃ PQDs at ≤60 °C in open air using dodecylamine and oleylamine as ligands. By balancing the usage of two stabilizers, dodecylamine and oleylamine, a trade-off relationship is identified. Depending on the stabilizers used in the synthesis, stability, production yield, optical properties, and device performance of the PQDs varies. We fabricated LED devices using these PQDs, achieving an external quantum efficiency of 2.20% and a luminance of 38.9 cd m^-2, the highest reported for LEDs utilizing low-temperature (≤60 °C) synthesized α-CsPbI₃ PQDs. The results highlight the potential for energy-efficient and scalable production of high-performance perovskite-based LEDs in the future.