Factors associated with uncertainty in parents of children with developmental disabilities: A scoping review

Background: Parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) experience ongoing uncertainty, which contributes to various physical and mental health challenges. However, studies mapping the factors influencing this uncertainty and its effects on other variables remain scarce. Objective: This study aimed to analyze and synthesize existing evidence on the factors influencing uncertainty among parents of children with DD and its impact on parental outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Relevant studies were identified through a literature review conducted across five databases—Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and APA PsycArticles—up to March 1, 2024. Studies with English abstracts were included without time restrictions. Results: Eight studies involving 1986 participants were analyzed. The identified influencing factors were categorized into health condition-related factors (e.g., the severity of the child's condition), family and community resources (e.g., maternal education level, trust in healthcare professionals, and appraisal support), and appraisals of uncertainty as either a risk (e.g., caregiver burden and marital conflict) or an opportunity (e.g., adaptation, quality of life, parenting efficacy, sense of coherence, optimism, and self-help). Conclusions: The findings of this study provide essential evidence for developing effective healthcare strategies to reduce parental uncertainty. By addressing these factors, the study aims to contribute to decreasing parental uncertainty and promoting the optimal development of children with DD.