Flexible electrochromic and thermochromic hybrid smart window based on a highly durable ITO/graphene transparent electrode

Sang Jin Lee; Sun Hee Lee; Hyung Won Kang; Sahn Nahm; Bong Hoon Kim; Hyeongkeun Kim; Seung Ho Han

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.129028

Flexible electrochromic and thermochromic hybrid smart window based on a highly durable ITO/graphene transparent electrode

Sang Jin Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Hyung Won Kang, Sahn Nahm, Bong Hoon Kim, Hyeongkeun Kim, Seung Ho Han

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

72 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A flexible smart window with electrochromic (EC) and thermochromic (TC) properties is fabricated on a highly durable transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO)/graphene/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrode. An amorphous WO₃ film and crystalline VO₂ film are used as the EC and TC material, respectively, in the device. The ITO film deposited via atomic layer deposition acts as a protective layer and suppresses the plasma-induced damage of graphene, which typically occurs during the sputtering process. In this device, the amorphous WO₃ film undergoes cathodic electrochromic reactions with high coloration efficiency, while the crystalline VO₂ film shows characteristic thermochromic behavior. Thus, the flexible EC–TC hybrid smart window shows the controlled transmission of optical and solar energies according to the surrounding temperature and the applied voltage, allowing selective modulation of the visible and near-infrared light. The flexible EC–TC hybrid device is also very stable under mechanical bending, owing to the robust adhesion of the ITO film on the graphene support and the reduced plasma-induced damage of graphene. The fabricated high-performance, durable ITO/graphene/PET transparent electrode can pave the way for next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices as well as multifunctional flexible smart windows.

Original language	English
Article number	129028
Journal	Chemical Engineering Journal
Volume	416
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129028
Publication status	Published - 2021 Jul 15

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20182020109430 ), and by Creative Materials Discovery Program and Material Innovation Leading Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT ( 2020M3D1A2101136 and 2020M3H4A3081879 ).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Atomic layer deposition
Electrochromic materials
Flexible smart windows
Graphene
Thermochromic materials
Transparent electrodes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
General Chemical Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.1016/j.cej.2021.129028

Cite this

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title = "Flexible electrochromic and thermochromic hybrid smart window based on a highly durable ITO/graphene transparent electrode",

abstract = "A flexible smart window with electrochromic (EC) and thermochromic (TC) properties is fabricated on a highly durable transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO)/graphene/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrode. An amorphous WO3 film and crystalline VO2 film are used as the EC and TC material, respectively, in the device. The ITO film deposited via atomic layer deposition acts as a protective layer and suppresses the plasma-induced damage of graphene, which typically occurs during the sputtering process. In this device, the amorphous WO3 film undergoes cathodic electrochromic reactions with high coloration efficiency, while the crystalline VO2 film shows characteristic thermochromic behavior. Thus, the flexible EC–TC hybrid smart window shows the controlled transmission of optical and solar energies according to the surrounding temperature and the applied voltage, allowing selective modulation of the visible and near-infrared light. The flexible EC–TC hybrid device is also very stable under mechanical bending, owing to the robust adhesion of the ITO film on the graphene support and the reduced plasma-induced damage of graphene. The fabricated high-performance, durable ITO/graphene/PET transparent electrode can pave the way for next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices as well as multifunctional flexible smart windows.",

keywords = "Atomic layer deposition, Electrochromic materials, Flexible smart windows, Graphene, Thermochromic materials, Transparent electrodes",

author = "Lee, {Sang Jin} and Lee, {Sun Hee} and Kang, {Hyung Won} and Sahn Nahm and Kim, {Bong Hoon} and Hyeongkeun Kim and Han, {Seung Ho}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20182020109430 ), and by Creative Materials Discovery Program and Material Innovation Leading Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT ( 2020M3D1A2101136 and 2020M3H4A3081879 ). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

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AU - Lee, Sang Jin

AU - Lee, Sun Hee

AU - Kang, Hyung Won

AU - Nahm, Sahn

AU - Kim, Bong Hoon

AU - Kim, Hyeongkeun

AU - Han, Seung Ho

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20182020109430 ), and by Creative Materials Discovery Program and Material Innovation Leading Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT ( 2020M3D1A2101136 and 2020M3H4A3081879 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2021/7/15

Y1 - 2021/7/15

N2 - A flexible smart window with electrochromic (EC) and thermochromic (TC) properties is fabricated on a highly durable transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO)/graphene/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrode. An amorphous WO3 film and crystalline VO2 film are used as the EC and TC material, respectively, in the device. The ITO film deposited via atomic layer deposition acts as a protective layer and suppresses the plasma-induced damage of graphene, which typically occurs during the sputtering process. In this device, the amorphous WO3 film undergoes cathodic electrochromic reactions with high coloration efficiency, while the crystalline VO2 film shows characteristic thermochromic behavior. Thus, the flexible EC–TC hybrid smart window shows the controlled transmission of optical and solar energies according to the surrounding temperature and the applied voltage, allowing selective modulation of the visible and near-infrared light. The flexible EC–TC hybrid device is also very stable under mechanical bending, owing to the robust adhesion of the ITO film on the graphene support and the reduced plasma-induced damage of graphene. The fabricated high-performance, durable ITO/graphene/PET transparent electrode can pave the way for next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices as well as multifunctional flexible smart windows.

AB - A flexible smart window with electrochromic (EC) and thermochromic (TC) properties is fabricated on a highly durable transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO)/graphene/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) electrode. An amorphous WO3 film and crystalline VO2 film are used as the EC and TC material, respectively, in the device. The ITO film deposited via atomic layer deposition acts as a protective layer and suppresses the plasma-induced damage of graphene, which typically occurs during the sputtering process. In this device, the amorphous WO3 film undergoes cathodic electrochromic reactions with high coloration efficiency, while the crystalline VO2 film shows characteristic thermochromic behavior. Thus, the flexible EC–TC hybrid smart window shows the controlled transmission of optical and solar energies according to the surrounding temperature and the applied voltage, allowing selective modulation of the visible and near-infrared light. The flexible EC–TC hybrid device is also very stable under mechanical bending, owing to the robust adhesion of the ITO film on the graphene support and the reduced plasma-induced damage of graphene. The fabricated high-performance, durable ITO/graphene/PET transparent electrode can pave the way for next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices as well as multifunctional flexible smart windows.

KW - Atomic layer deposition

KW - Electrochromic materials

KW - Flexible smart windows

KW - Graphene

KW - Thermochromic materials

KW - Transparent electrodes

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M3 - Article

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SN - 1385-8947

VL - 416

JO - Chemical Engineering Journal

JF - Chemical Engineering Journal

M1 - 129028

ER -

Flexible electrochromic and thermochromic hybrid smart window based on a highly durable ITO/graphene transparent electrode

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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