Fractional Composition Analysis for Upgrading of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil Produced from Sawdust

We can prevent climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by fossil fuel usage through introducing alternative fuels such as bio-oil. The fast pyrolysis process used for wood materials has recently gained substantial attention as an approach to produce bio-oil worldwide and in Korea as well. Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis contains highly oxygenated compounds and phenolics, thereby requiring upgrading processes, such as deoxygenation and condensation, for high-end use. To determine an efficient upgrading method for fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), one needs to elucidate its composition and classify it into chemical groups. We analyzed the composition of fractionized FPBO toward high-end use. FPBO was separated into two layers by adding distilled water: (a) the water-soluble phase, and (b) the oil phase, whereas liquid-liquid extraction and multi-step separation were applied for fractionization, respectively. The fractions were obtained, and their chemical groups were analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF/MS). The water phase was separated into two fractions and classified into the main chemical groups of phenolics (9%) and heterocyclics (31%). The oil phase, which was separated into four fractions, was classified into the main chemical groups of phenolics (32%) and heterocyclics (23%). Our findings can help to upgrade products for high-end use.