Gaegurin-6 stimulates insulin secretion through calcium influx in pancreatic β Rin5mf cells

Gaegurin-6, an antimicrobial peptide that belongs to the alpha-helix family, was isolated from the skin of Rana rugosa. Gaegurin-6 contains a hydrophobic motif at the N-terminus and a helical region at the C-terminus. Although gaegurin-6 has been implicated in cell signaling, the precise role in insulin secretion is currently unknown. We have attempted to determine whether gaegurin-6 affects insulin secretion and tried to elucidate the relationship between the structural motifs and biological activity. In this study, we have shown that gaegurin-6 stimulates insulin secretion and also increases the intracellular calcium concentration in pancreatic β Rin5mf cells. Moreover, a corollary study revealed that both the hydrophobicity of the N-terminus and the disulfide bridge of the C-terminus of gaegurin-6 are critical for its effects on insulin secretion. Membrane pore-forming ability is also observed in gaegurin-6, but not in the linear form or the N-terminus hydrophobic amino acid-deleted form. We further showed that these regions of gaegurin-6 are responsible for calcium influx in pancreatic β Rin5mf cells. Taken together, these results indicate that gaegurin-6 can affect insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells through the modulation of calcium influx.