@article{5a2c5884b54342cfab076be781f1e84e,
title = "Genetic influences on neonatal cortical thickness and surface area",
abstract = "Genetic and environmental influences on cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are thought to vary in a complex and dynamic way across the lifespan. It has been established that CT and SA are genetically distinct in older children, adolescents, and adults, and that heritability varies across cortical regions. Very little, however, is known about how genetic and environmental factors influence infant CT and SA. Using structural MRI, we performed the first assessment of genetic and environmental influences on normal variation of SA and CT in 360 twin neonates. We observed strong and significant additive genetic influences on total SA (a2 = 0.78) and small and nonsignificant genetic influences on average CT (a2 = 0.29). Moreover, we found significant genetic overlap (genetic correlation = 0.65) between these global cortical measures. Regionally, there were minimal genetic influences across the cortex for both CT and SA measures and no distinct patterns of genetic regionalization. Overall, outcomes from this study suggest a dynamic relationship between CT and SA during the neonatal period and provide novel insights into how genetic influences shape cortical structure during early development.",
keywords = "MRI, brain development, gray matter, heritability, infant, twin",
author = "Jha, {Shaili C.} and Kai Xia and Schmitt, {James Eric} and Mihye Ahn and Girault, {Jessica B.} and Murphy, {Veronica A.} and Gang Li and Li Wang and Dinggang Shen and Fei Zou and Hongtu Zhu and Martin Styner and Knickmeyer, {Rebecca C.} and Gilmore, {John H.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (MH064065, MH070890, and HD053000 to JG, MH083045 to RK, UL1 RR025747, and MH086633 to HZ, MH091645, HD-003110 and HD079124 to MS, MH108914 and MH107815 to GL, MH100217 to DS, MH109773 to LW, T32 NS007431 to SJ, JB, and VM, K01ES026840 to ES, and R25GM055336 to VM), and the National Science Foundation (SES- 1357666 and DMS-1407655 to HZ). We thank our participating families and staff of the UNC MRI Research Center, the UNC Neuro Image Research and Analysis Laboratories, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, the John and Polly Sparks Foundation and the UNC Early Brain Development Study. No conflicts of interest are reported. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (MH064065, MH070890, and HD053000 to JG, MH083045 to RK, UL1 RR025747, and MH086633 to HZ, MH091645, HD-003110 and HD079124 to MS, MH108914 and MH107815 to GL, MH100217 to DS, MH109773 to LW, T32 NS007431 to SJ, JB, and VM, K01ES026840 to ES, and R25GM055336 to VM), and the National Science Foundation (SES-1357666 and DMS-1407655 to HZ). We thank our participating families and staff of the UNC MRI Research Center, the UNC Neuro Image Research and Analysis Laboratories, Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, the John and Polly Sparks Foundation and the UNC Early Brain Development Study. No conflicts of interest are reported. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1002/hbm.24340",
language = "English",
volume = "39",
pages = "4998--5013",
journal = "Human Brain Mapping",
issn = "1065-9471",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "12",
}