Geometric parameter effects on ensemble contributions to catalysis: H ₂O₂ formation from H₂ and O₂ on AuPd alloys. A first principles study

Using first principles calculations, we examine how the ensemble effect on the performance of bimetallic catalysts is affected by the change of surface electronic structure associated with their geometric parameters. We look at H₂O₂ formation from H₂ and O₂ based on three different Pd monomer systems including AuPd adlayers with a Pd monomer each on Pd(111) [AuPd_M/Pd(111)] and Au(111) [AuPd_M/Au(111) ] and a 55-Atom cluster with Au41Pd shell and Pd₁₃ core [Au ₄₁Pd@Pd₁₃]. Our calculations show that H₂O ₂ selectivity tends to be significantly deteriorated in the Au ₄₁Pd@Pd₁₃ and AuPd_M/Au(111) cases, as compared to the AuPd_M/Pd(111) case. This is largely due to enhancement of the activity of corresponding surface Pd and its Au neighbors, while isolated Pd surface sites surrounded by less active Au are responsible for the H ₂O₂ formation by suppressing O-O cleavage. This study highlights that ensemble contributions in multimetallic nanocatalysts can be a strong function of their geometric conditions, particularly local strain and effective atomic coordination number at the surface, that are directly related to surface electronic states.