Abstract
Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 94 |
| Journal | BMJ (Online) |
| Volume | 364 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2019 Jan 1 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Medicine(all)
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In: BMJ (Online), Vol. 364, 94, 01.01.2019.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Global, regional, and national burden of suicide mortality 1990 to 2016
T2 - Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
AU - Orpana, Heather M.
AU - Marczak, Laurie B.
AU - Arora, Megha
AU - Abbasi, Nooshin
AU - Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi
AU - Abebe, Zegeye
AU - Abraha, Haftom Niguse
AU - Afarideh, Mohsen
AU - Afshari, Mahdi
AU - Ahmadi, Alireza
AU - Aichour, Amani Nidhal
AU - Aichour, Ibtihel
AU - Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine
AU - Akseer, Nadia
AU - Al‐raddadi, Rajaa M.
AU - Alahdab, Fares
AU - Alkerwi, Ala'a
AU - Allebeck, Peter
AU - Alvis‐guzman, Nelson
AU - Anber, Nahla Hamed
AU - Anjomshoa, Mina
AU - Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.
AU - Arora, Amit
AU - Aryal, Krishna K.
AU - Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal
AU - Awasthi, Ashish
AU - Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
AU - Badali, Hamid
AU - Barker‐collo, Suzanne Lyn
AU - Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
AU - Bazargan‐hejazi, Shahrzad
AU - Benjet, Corina
AU - Bensenor, Isabela M.
AU - Berfeld, Noami
AU - Beuran, Mircea
AU - Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.
AU - Biadgo, Belete
AU - Bililign, Nigus
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AU - Borschmann, Rohan
AU - Brazinova, Alexandra
AU - Breitborde, Nicholas J.K.
AU - Brugha, Traolach
AU - Butt, Zahid A.
AU - Carrero, Juan J.
AU - Carvalho, Félix
AU - Malta, Deborah Carvalho
AU - Castañeda‐orjuela, Carlos A.
AU - Catalá‐lópez, Ferrán
AU - Ciobanu, Liliana G.
AU - Dachew, Berihun Assefa
AU - Dandona, Lalit
AU - Dandona, Rakhi
AU - Dargan, Paul I.
AU - Daryani, Ahmad
AU - Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil
AU - Davletov, Kairat
AU - Degenhardt, Louisa
AU - Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam
AU - Jarlais, Don C.Des
AU - Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
AU - Djalalinia, Shirin
AU - Doan, Linh
AU - Doku, David Teye
AU - Dubey, Manisha
AU - El‐khatib, Ziad
AU - Eskandarieh, Sharareh
AU - Esteghamati, Alireza
AU - Esteghamati, Sadaf
AU - Faro, Andre
AU - Farzadfar, Farshad
AU - Fekadu, Wubalem
AU - Fernandes, Eduarda
AU - Ferrari, Alize J.
AU - Filip, Irina
AU - Fischer, Florian
AU - Foreman, Kyle J.
AU - Fukumoto, Takeshi
AU - Gebre, Abadi Kahsu
AU - Grosso, Giuseppe
AU - Gupta, Rahul
AU - Haagsma, Juanita A.
AU - Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast
AU - Haj‐mirzaian, Arvin
AU - Hamidi, Samer
AU - Hankey, Graeme J.
AU - Haro, Josep Maria
AU - Hassen, Hamid Yimam
AU - Hay, Simon I.
AU - Heidari, Behnam
AU - Hendrie, Delia
AU - Rad, Enayatollah Homaie
AU - Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa
AU - Hostiuc, Sorin
AU - Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
AU - Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
AU - Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
AU - James, Spencer
AU - Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra
AU - Jha, Ravi Prakash
AU - Jonas, Jost B.
AU - Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
AU - Kadel, Rajendra
AU - Kahsay, Amaha
AU - Kasaeian, Amir
AU - Kassa, Getachew Mullu
AU - Kawakami, Norito
AU - Kefale, Adane Teshome
AU - Kemp, Grant Rodgers
AU - Khader, Yousef Saleh
AU - Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
AU - Khalil, Ibrahim A.
AU - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad
AU - Khan, Muhammad Ali
AU - Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
AU - Khang, Young Ho
AU - Khubchandani, Jagdish
AU - Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.
AU - Kieling, Christian
AU - Kim, Young Eun
AU - Kisa, Adnan
AU - Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo
AU - Kokubo, Yoshihiro
AU - Koyanagi, Ai
AU - Krish, Varsha Sarah
AU - Defo, Barthelemy Kuate
AU - Kumar, G. Anil
AU - Kumar, Manasi
AU - Lamichhane, Prabhat
AU - Lang, Justin J.
AU - Latifi, Arman
AU - Lee, Paul H.
AU - Leung, Janni
AU - Lim, Lee Ling
AU - Lopez, Alan D.
AU - Lorkowski, Stefan
AU - Lotufo, Paulo A.
AU - Lozano, Rafael
AU - Lunevicius, Raimundas
AU - Mahesh, P. A.
AU - Majdan, Marek
AU - Majdzadeh, Reza
AU - Malekzadeh, Reza
AU - Manda, Ana Laura
AU - Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
AU - Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni
AU - Maravilla, Joemer C.
AU - Martinez‐raga, Jose
AU - Mathur, Manu Raj
AU - Maulik, Pallab K.
AU - McGrath, John J.
AU - Mehrotra, Ravi
AU - Mekonen, Tesfa
AU - Mendoza, Walter
AU - Meretoja, Tuomo J.
AU - Mestrovic, Tomislav
AU - Miller, Ted R.
AU - Mini, G. K.
AU - Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.
AU - Mitchell, Philip B.
AU - Moazen, Babak
AU - Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin
AU - Mohammadi, Moslem
AU - Mohammed, Shafiu
AU - Mokdad, Ali H.
AU - Monasta, Lorenzo
AU - Moosazadeh, Mahmood
AU - Moradi, Ghobad
AU - Moradi‐lakeh, Maziar
AU - Moradinazar, Mehdi
AU - Velásquez, Ilais Moreno
AU - Morisaki, Naho
AU - Morrison, Shane Douglas
AU - Moschos, Marilita M.
AU - Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
AU - Mustafa, Ghulam
AU - Nagel, Gabriele
AU - Naheed, Aliya
AU - Naik, Gurudatta
AU - Najafi, Farid
AU - Negoi, Ionut
AU - Negoi, Ruxandra Irina
AU - Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
AU - Nguyen, Long Hoang
AU - Nixon, Molly R.
AU - Ofori‐asenso, Richard
AU - Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
AU - Oh, In Hwan
AU - Olagunju, Andrew T.
AU - Olagunju, Tinuke O.
AU - Øverland, Simon
AU - Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo
AU - Panda‐jonas, Songhomitra
AU - Parry, Charles D.H.
AU - Pati, Sanghamitra
AU - Patten, Scott B.
AU - Patton, George C.
AU - Petzold, Max
AU - Phillips, Michael R.
AU - Plana‐ripoll, Oleguer
AU - Postma, Maarten J.
AU - Pourshams, Akram
AU - Poustchi, Hossein
AU - Qorbani, Mostafa
AU - Radfar, Amir
AU - Rafay, Anwar
AU - Rafiei, Alireza
AU - Rahim, Fakher
AU - Rahimi‐movaghar, Afarin
AU - Rahimi‐movaghar, Vafa
AU - Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
AU - Rai, Rajesh Kumar
AU - Rezaeian, Shahab
AU - Roever, Leonardo
AU - Ronfani, Luca
AU - Roshandel, Gholamreza
AU - Rostami, Ali
AU - Sachdev, Perminder S.
AU - Safari, Hosein
AU - Safiri, Saeid
AU - Salamati, Payman
AU - Salimi, Yahya
AU - Salomon, Joshua A.
AU - Samy, Abdallah M.
AU - Santos, Itamar S.
AU - Santric‐milicevic, Milena M.
AU - Sartorius, Benn
AU - Sarvi, Shahabeddin
AU - Satpathy, Maheswar
AU - Sawhney, Monika
AU - Schwebel, David C.
AU - Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
AU - Shaikh, Masood Ali
AU - Sharif, Mehdi
AU - Shibuya, Kenji
AU - Shigematsu, Mika
AU - Shiri, Rahman
AU - Shiue, Ivy
AU - Siabani, Soraya
AU - Siddiqi, Tariq J.
AU - Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
AU - Silva, João Pedro
AU - Singh, Jasvinder A.
AU - Filho, Adauto Martins Soares
AU - Sobhani, Soheila
AU - Stein, Dan J.
AU - Stein, Murray B.
AU - Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
AU - Sunguya, Bruno F.
AU - Tabarés‐seisdedos, Rafael
AU - Tabb, Karen M.
AU - Tavakkoli, Mohammad
AU - Tehrani‐banihashemi, Arash
AU - Temsah, Mohamad Hani
AU - Topor‐madry, Roman
AU - Tran, Bach Xuan
AU - Tran, Khanh Bao
AU - Ullah, Irfan
AU - Unutzer, Jurgen
AU - Usman, Muhammad Shariq
AU - Uthman, Olalekan A.
AU - Valdez, Pascual R.
AU - Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
AU - Vasconcelos, Cintia
AU - Vlassov, Vasily
AU - Vos, Theo
AU - Vujcic, Isidora S.
AU - Waheed, Yasir
AU - Wang, Yuan Pang
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Werdecker, Andrea
AU - Westerman, Ronny
AU - Whiteford, Harvey A.
AU - Wyper, Grant M.A.
AU - Yaseri, Mehdi
AU - Yimer, Ebrahim M.
AU - Yisma, Engida
AU - Yonemoto, Naohiro
AU - Yoon, Seok Jun
AU - Yotebieng, Marcel
AU - Yousefifard, Mahmoud
AU - Yu, Chuanhua
AU - Zaidi, Zoubida
AU - Zamani, Mohammad
AU - Murray, Christopher J.L.
AU - Naghavi, Mohsen
N1 - Funding Information: Funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1152504). The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. All authors had full access to the study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: CAA Antonio reports personal fees from Johnson and Johnson (Philippines), Inc, outside the submitted work. LD reports grants from Seqirus, Indivior, and Mundipharma, outside the submitted work. JMH reports personal fees from Lundbeck, Eli Lilly and Co, and Otsuka, outside the submitted work. JJ reports a grant from VALEANT; personal fees from VALEANT, ALAB Laboratoria, and AMGEN; and non-financial support from MICROLIFE and SERVIER, from outside the submitted work. CK has received authorship royalties from Brazilian publishers Artmed and Manole. SL reports personal fees from Akcea Therapeutics, AMGEN, Berlin-Chemie, MSD Sharp and Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Synlab, Unilever, and non-financial support from Preventicus outside the submitted work. WM is currently Program Analyst, Population and Development, in the Peru Country Office of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the institution does not necessarily endorse this study. CP reports other support from South African National Department of Health during the conduct of the study. MP reports grants and personal fees from various pharmaceutical industries, all outside the submitted work. MP holds stocks in Ingress Health and Pharmacoeconomics Advice Groningen (PAG Ltd) and is advisor to Asc Academics. JS reports consulting activities with Savient, Takeda, Regeneron, Merz, Iroko, Bioiberica, Crealta/Horizon, Allergan, Fidia, UBM LLC, WebMD, and the American College of Rheumatology; grants from Takeda and Savient; stocks from Amarin Pharmaceuticals; serves as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon Pharmaceuticals through a grant to DINORA, Inc; and is on the steering committee of OMERACT, which receives funding from 36 pharmaceutical companies. MS reports personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Bionomics, Aptinyx, and Neurocrine outside the submitted work. Publisher Copyright: © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
AB - Objectives To use the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 to describe patterns of suicide mortality globally, regionally, and for 195 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index, and to describe temporal trends between 1990 and 2016. Design Systematic analysis. Main outcome measures Crude and age standardised rates from suicide mortality and years of life lost were compared across regions and countries, and by age, sex, and Socio-demographic index (a composite measure of fertility, income, and education). Results The total number of deaths from suicide increased by 6.7% (95% uncertainty interval 0.4% to 15.6%) globally over the 27 year study period to 817 000 (762 000 to 884 000) deaths in 2016. However, the age standardised mortality rate for suicide decreased by 32.7% (27.2% to 36.6%) worldwide between 1990 and 2016, similar to the decline in the global age standardised mortality rate of 30.6%. Suicide was the leading cause of age standardised years of life lost in the Global Burden of Disease region of high income Asia Pacific and was among the top 10 leading causes in eastern Europe, central Europe, western Europe, central Asia, Australasia, southern Latin America, and high income North America. Rates for men were higher than for women across regions, countries, and age groups, except for the 15 to 19 age group. There was variation in the female to male ratio, with higher ratios at lower levels of Socio-demographic index. Women experienced greater decreases in mortality rates (49.0%, 95% uncertainty interval 42.6% to 54.6%) than men (23.8%, 15.6% to 32.7%). Conclusions Age standardised mortality rates for suicide have greatly reduced since 1990, but suicide remains an important contributor to mortality worldwide. Suicide mortality was variable across locations, between sexes, and between age groups. Suicide prevention strategies can be targeted towards vulnerable populations if they are informed by variations in mortality rates.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061305951&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmj.l94
DO - 10.1136/bmj.l94
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85061305951
SN - 0959-8146
VL - 364
JO - The BMJ
JF - The BMJ
M1 - 94
ER -