Graphene-based catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction

Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction is considered to be an efficient strategy to produce usable fuels and overcome the concerns regarding global warming. For this purpose, an efficient, earth abundant, and a low cost catalyst has to be designed. It has been found that graphene-based materials could be promising candidates for CO₂ conversion because of their unique physical, mechanical, and electronic properties. In addition, the surface of graphene-based materials can be modified by using different strategies, including doping, defect engineering, producing composite structures, and wrapping shapes. In this review, the fundamentals of electrochemical CO₂ reduction and recent progress of graphene-based catalysts are investigated. Furthermore, recent studies on graphene-based materials for CO₂ reduction are summarized.